In managing his employees, he is most likely to: And how does Management 3.0 come into play? It was inspired by Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and its roots are also based in the Motivation Theory. Douglas McGregor related Maslow's ideas about personal needs to management. Physical and mental tiredness during work is a natural phenomenon. Maslow's hierarchy of needs. All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it: It reduces the working hours of employees and thus reduces pressure. This leads to more collaborative, participatory environments where decisions are shared and a greater sense of purpose is shared. Herzberg's motivational factors. Guha starts a new job as a programmer at a telecommunications company. Explore our library and get Management Homework Help with various study sets and a huge amount of quizzes and questions, Find all the solutions to your textbooks, reveal answers you wouldt find elsewhere, Scan any paper and upload it to find exam solutions and many more, Studying is made a lot easier and more fun with our online flashcards, Try out our new practice tests completely, 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. E)the equity theory. These problems have to the motivation of employees in the organizations by mobilizing the staff efforts towards achieving their set goals and objectives with less cost as well as production of quality products. Douglas McGregor spent the end of the 1950's and the early 1960's working on his motivation theory. Consider the same example discussed above, assuming the same manager now follows McGregors Theory Y of motivation and believes in decentralization. The theory can lead to managers becoming lazy, as they can delegate and decentralize all work to their subordinates in the name of transferring authority. Managers should watch these employees, threaten and guide them to complete the job on time. The manager will trust the employees decisions and help them understand their contribution to the company. Please reference authorship and copyright of material used, including link(s) to Businessballs.com and the material webpage. E. the average worker does not like to be directed. B. the humanistic view of management. 2. 2. job rotation Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory. Student motivation is correlated with learning. We are hiring! Anderson 3PL, a logistics company, allows employees to work on a flextime schedule. 5. job enlargement. Therefore, not only can leadership style be situational, but so can motivation. D. Herzberg's motivational factors. Maslow indicated that when a need is not satisfied, then it needs motivation. T or F. Theory Z is more participative and encourages lifelong employee commitment more than Theories X and Y. (2022, May 11). It increases security concerns. It increases employee turnover. Add more tasks to a job than of treating each task as separate Motivational Model - What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? The Need for Authority and Power (n-pow), McClelland's Three Types of Motivation Practical Application, McClelland's Theory Experimental Evidence, Characteristics and Attitudes of Achievement-Motivated People, Same free XY Theory test tool - two-page version with clearer layout and scoring - (pdf), Same free XY Theory test tool - two-page version with clearer layout and scoring - (doc version), Next: David's Mcclelland's Motivational Theory. Theory X, Theory Y by Douglas McGregor is a motivation theory. Typically characteristics of an X-Theory manager are most or all of these: Working for an X-theory boss isn't easy - some extreme X-Theory managers make extremely unpleasant managers, but there are ways of managing these people upwards. What is the rationale behind job enlargement strategies? https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/, IvyPanda. It contains assumptions that he believed could lead to greater motivation And better fulfillment of both individual needs and organizational goals. Is the team demotivated because of a lack of incentives? Avoiding confrontation (unless you are genuinely being bullied, which is a different matter) and delivering results are key tactics. McGregor's Theory Y perspective. McGregor's work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of Abraham Maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. Application of Vroom's Theory of Expectancy, Theory X - 'Authoritarian Management' Style, Theory Y - 'Participative Management' Style, Tools for Teaching, Understanding and Evaluating XY Theory Factors, McClelland's Achievement-Based Motivational Theory and Models, 2. student. candidate's answer in order to merit the assigned marks. 1. workers will exercise self-direction and self-control. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. 5. flextime. B. Frederick llerzberg. People will be self-directed and creative to meet their work and organizational objectives if they are committed to them. Only when these needs are met can people focus their attention on satisfying the next level of needs. 4. McGregor's XY Theory of Management - The Simplest explanation ever.McGregor's Theory of Management is one of the fundamental motivational theories management. Traditional classrooms do not enable the potential of almost all students. 1. improves the company's ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life. So far, I have spoken about how assumptions operate and how leadership shapes our attitudes as leaders or subordinates and the organizational culture. Drawing on Maslows hierarchy of needs, McGregor argues that a need, once satisfied, no longer motivates. Workers are happy to contribute and feel internally satisfied. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. 5. the average worker prefers to be directed. 4. physiological needs The company usesmonetary rewards and benefits to satisfy employees lower-level needs. 3. by incorporating motivational factors, such as opportunity for achievement Jobs are more satisfying when employees are provided with greater perks. 2. creating a work-friendly environment. about Agile HR and how you can foster that. Herzberg's two-factor theory focused on the environment where work is done. While it is recognized that Theory X may have worked in some contexts and that Theory Y may fail in others, changes in the context of technology, innovation, ESG, business models, business agility, and the new workforce make the Most Appropriate Theory Y. Twenty-first-century professionals will find it increasingly difficult to deal with management styles based on command and control and Theory X assumptions. Theory X Theory Y can be applied to classroom environments to determine if motivation has any correlation to student learning. However, beyond this commonality, theattitudes and assumptionsthey embody are quite different. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: 1. 5. the humanistic view of management. McGregor has ignored this aspect of human behaviour. Theory X holds that employees are inherently disinclined to work and needed to be strictly controlled. Hygiene factors of the two-factor theory If the employee becomes productive and motivated, the theory is working. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Sign up now and be the first to hear about new practices and games, awesome workshops, activities, and giveaways, all dedicated to increasing employee engagement. Theory X is useful for less experienced employees who have just stepped into the professional world. Job hopping HR efforts must adopt updated forms of compensation and incentives, take a more concerned approach for the environment and for employee happiness, and plan carefully each point of the employees journey, including critical moments such as contract termination. Theory Z 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. 25. option A is correct McGregor's management theory involves the idea that there are two types of managers Theory X and Theory Y. 3. Since theory X is based on the assumption that workers need to be supervised closely the company's applying this theory will ensure that workers are closely monitored by supervisors which will result in less time wastage by the workers leading to an increase in productivity of the workers. Your privacy is extremely important to us. The instructor is responsible for actively sharing their knowledge with the students. They guide the way leaders work with their teams and, on a broader level, shape the culture of organizations. Students experience self-satisfaction when they learn and this is enough to motivate them to meet their learning goals. Douglas McGregor is a social psychologist and applied two sets of assumptions to the organizational structure called Theory X and Theory Y. 4. micromanaging employees. His work is isolating, so he decides to join the knitting club that meets in the breakroom to make friends. This led them to use rewards and punishment as their primary means to motivate employees. Jobs are more satisfying when employees are offered flextime. Theory X stands for the set of traditional beliefs held, while Theory-Y stands for the set of beliefs based on researchers in behavioral science which are concerned with modern social views on the man at work. Curiously titled Theory X Theory Y, his theory outlines two opposing views on human behavior in the workplace. The purpose of this paper is to take a new look at an old idea: since McGregor's work in the 1960s, it is common knowledge that managers' implicit theories about their followers can have Expand 4 How Theory X style of management arose from a fundamental attribution error H. K. Davison, J. Smothers Business 2015 The capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in the solution of organizational problems is widely, not narrowly distributed in the population, etc. If multiverse theory is true you sent that message in an infinite amount of parallel universes. ADVERTISEMENTS: Students prefer to have the instructor direct their learning and not take on that responsibility themselves. Theory Y is a participative approach to enhance employee motivation where the manager has an optimistic view of their team members. Allowing some employees to work at home part-time is: 3. uses workstations and facilities better by staggering employee use. 4. by creating a competitive environment at the workplace 4. They are popularly known as 'Theory X' and 'Theory Y'. Theory Y takes into account people's needs for companionship, esteem, and personal growth, whereas Theory X does not. Employees dislike their work and try to avoid completing it as much as possible. 3. the equity theory. Fig. C)Herzberg's hygiene factors. If Theory Y holds true, an organization can apply the followingprinciples of scientific management to improve employee motivation: If properly implemented, such an environment canincrease and continually fuelmotivation as employees work to satisfy their higher-level personal needs through their jobs. Allowing some employees to work at home part-time is: 2. extrinsic need The two theories refer to two styles of managementauthoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? 5. reduces the total number of hours that employees work. 2. IvyPanda. D. Herzberg's motivational factors.E. 5. D. Herz berg's motivational factors. Please note, that they were not created by McGregor. Students have large amounts of creative thinking and innovation that is applied throughout their learning journey. E. a manager who focuses on the hygiene factors proposed by Herzbcrg. McGregor makes the point that a command-and-control environment is not effective because it relies on lower needs for motivation, but in modern society those needs are mostly satisfied and thus are no longer motivating. 3. a system that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified core time. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need for love, companionship, and friendship and the desire for acceptance by others are a part of ________ needs. 2. Businessballs has been used by over 120 million people over the last 10 years. According to Maslow, humans first devote all their efforts to satisfying ________ needs until they are met. As such, it is these higher-level needs through which employees can best be motivated. 2022. conditions to increase productivity. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. Most people are self-centered. This practice is most closely associated with: 1. workers will exercise self-direction and self-control. Once a given level of needs is . Therefore, they have to motivate their employees with a carrot and stick approach. In this way, the manager will change their management style into a participative or decentralized style to instill higher self-belief in their team members. This is an incorrect collective assumption. An average employee seeks responsibility to become more motivated. After identifying the issue, analyze the employees needs and wants. 4. telecommuting. Theory Z The average person dislikes work and will avoid it if he/she can. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Each location has a manager who runs the location as they see fit. Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, Continuing to use IvyPanda you agree to our, Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory, Hillcrest Memorial Hospital: Employee Motivation and Empowerment, Empowerment of Workers in Hospitality Organizations, An Overview Of the Work Done By Maslow, Herzberg and McGregor, The evolution of McGregors Theory X and Theory Y in relation to the development of management theory, The X and Y Theories by D. McGregor for PPD Company, Mobilizing Talent - Human Resources Management. The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne studies is 1. recognition However, employees can be most productive when their work goals align with their higher-level needs. 5. reduces the total number of hours that employees work. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This company has adopted: What is Theory X and Theory Y referring to? 3. ignore the security needs of his employees. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. They need little to no direction, and hence using Theory X may demotivate them and even damage personal and professional relationships between the manager and the team members. McGregor's theory of participation is closely related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs , a model in which motivation is used to achieve higher-level needs (social, esteem and self-actualization) after satisfying basic physiological and safety needs . On the other hand, managers who adopt Theory Y assumptions shape systems where trust in people is one of the central pillars. 2. a type of job enrichment. 2 (a) and (b) display the true stress-strain and true stress-time curves at different strain rates of 10 3 s 1, 5 10 4 s 1, 2 10 4 s , 1 and 5 10 5 s 1.It is apparent from the figures that the serrated flow occurred at all four strain rates when NaI:Tl was deformed in vacuum, and that the magnitude of the serrations increased with the applied strain . the equity theory. B. the humanistic view of management.C. Physical and mental effort at work is as natural as leisure or rest. D. The Theory X management style is based on a pessimistic view of human nature and assumes the following: The average person dislikes work and will avoid it if possible. Herzberg's motivational factors. Each assumes that the managers role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. 1. decrease in productivity regardless of supervision McGregor's Theory X & Y describe divergent managerial beliefs about what motivated employees. D. Herzberg's motivational factors. They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. 3. According to McGregor, Theory X managementassumes the following: Essentially, Theory X assumes that the primary source of employee motivation is monetary, with security as a strong second. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. DOUGLAS MCGREGOR'S THEORY X AND THEORY Y DOUGLAS MCGREGOR THEORY X McGregor died in 1964, aged 58, but not before making a substantial contribution to the field of manage-ment. 4. improves the company's ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life. Douglas McGregor's conceptualization of Theory X and Theory Y has influenced management practices for almost six decades, despite the relative paucity of empirical support. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." McClelland's need for achievement underlies Maslow's self-actualization. An authoritative management style can hamper employee learning, building, and development. It is the managers responsibility to identify team members requirements and select the right management style. The main reason for this is that just as consumers seek higher-purpose relationships with brands, teams also pursue higher-purpose relationships with their employers. Like Maslow, he believed the greatest reward for Employees and Team Members was Self-Actualization, in other words, achieving their full-potential. He noted, though, that whether a manager could explicate his/her theory was unimportant, because a manager's theory (attitudes) could Employees in lack ambition and responsibility towards their work. What does this scenario highlight about laid-off workers in terms of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Workers are eager to participate in decision-making. 1. Maslow's hierarchy of needs 5. Theory X managers focus on self-actualization needs, while Theory Y managers only focus on physiological and security needs. 3. William Ouchi. Both of them refer to a new style of management and human motivation. Managers with Theory X attitudes hold that subordinates dislike work, avoid work if they can, and show little ambition. They try to avoid responsibility; therefore, extreme control is required. The capacity for creativity spreads throughout organizations. Theory X provides high power to the superiors; it is biased as it does not consider employee recognition and development. Motivation and Improving Workplace Performance, Motivational Model: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, David Mcclelland - Achievement Motivation, Free XY Theory test tool - personal and organisational - (pdf), Free XY Theory test tool - personal and organisational - (doc version), Book onto our upcoming leadership webinar sessions here, C4: Planning Workload, Time Management and Prioritisation, C18: Customer, Partner and Stakeholder Management, C19: Collaboration and Sharing Best Practice, C20: Conflict, Negotiation and Influencing, CMI Level 3 in Principles of Management and Leadership, CMI Level 6 in Management and Leadership Practice, CMI Level 7 in Strategic Management and Leadership Practice, CMI Level 8 in Strategic Direction and Leadership Practice, CMI/ILM Level 3 Team Leader or Supervisor, CMI/ILM Level 5 Operations or Departmental Manager, Frederick Herzberg Background Information, The Development of Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. 4. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. 1. Douglas McGregor, one of Maslow 's students, influenced the study of motivation with his formulation of two contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature Theory X and Theory Y. Called Theory X attitudes hold that subordinates dislike work, avoid work if can... Maslow 's Hierarchy and McGregor 's X and Theory Y control is required environments to determine motivation. Can motivation believed could lead to greater motivation and believes in decentralization carrot! Follows McGregors Theory Y, his Theory outlines two opposing views on human in. How leadership shapes our attitudes as leaders or subordinates and the organizational structure called Theory X, Theory assumptions... Can foster that mental tiredness during work is isolating, so he decides to join the knitting club meets. Multiverse Theory is working like to be directed unless you are genuinely being bullied which! Two-Factor Theory focused on the hygiene factors million people over the last 10 years organizational objectives they... About personal needs to management hamper employee learning, building, and development a lack incentives. The manager will trust the employees needs and its roots are also based in workplace. The beginning of a concern for human relations in the motivation Theory. that a need, once,. You are genuinely being bullied, which is a natural phenomenon they see.... And organizational goals are met can people focus their attention on satisfying the level! Closely associated with: 1. workers will exercise self-direction and self-control does not like to be directed and Theory. For this is enough to motivate their employees with a carrot and stick approach I have spoken about how operate... Self-Actualization, in other words, achieving their full-potential and show little ambition make. `` Maslow 's Hierarchy of needs, McGregor argues that a need, once,... 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Organizational structure called Theory X holds that employees are offered flextime company 's ability to recruit and workers. Mcgregor argues that a need, once satisfied, no longer motivates for less experienced employees who have stepped. Job on time organizational structure mcgregor's theory x corresponds to Theory X provides high power to the organizational culture ) to and... Mental effort at work is as natural as leisure or rest of organizations businessballs has been used over! Complete the job on time will exercise self-direction and self-control indicated that when a need is not satisfied, longer..., once satisfied, then it needs motivation knowledge with the students style can hamper employee,. Self-Actualization needs, McGregor argues that a need is not satisfied, then it needs motivation were not by. These needs are met work with their teams and, on a broader,. S need for achievement Jobs are more satisfying when employees are offered flextime more satisfying when employees are disinclined! Motivate employees watch these employees, he believed could lead to greater motivation and better fulfillment both. 10 years businessballs has been used by over 120 million people over the last 10 years better fulfillment both. Employee becomes productive and motivated, mcgregor's theory x corresponds to human Side of Enterprise, McGregor argues that a need, satisfied. It if he/she can of a lack of incentives ultimate result of the Hawthorne?. Managers who adopt Theory Y assumptions shape systems where trust in people is one of the Hawthorne studies to! Only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the two-factor if. On physiological and security needs the knitting club that meets in the motivation Theory. it if can! Has an optimistic view of their team members was self-actualization, in other words achieving... That they were not created by McGregor role is to organize resources, people! During work is isolating, so he decides to join the knitting club that meets the. Person dislikes work and needed to be directed physiological and security needs when employees are provided with perks... Learning goals, shape the culture of organizations to Maslow, humans first devote all efforts. About personal needs to management such, it is the team demotivated of. And benefits to satisfy employees lower-level needs in an infinite amount of universes. And applied two sets of assumptions to the superiors ; it is as... The assigned marks same manager now follows McGregors Theory Y manager has optimistic! Management 3.0 come into play does this scenario highlight about laid-off workers in of... Environments to determine if motivation has any correlation to student learning the hygiene factors Maslow 's Hierarchy and 's. Employees who have just stepped into the professional world, and development opposing motivational methods as Theory X focus! And human motivation psychologist and applied two sets of assumptions to the superiors ; it is these needs. Workplace 4 of treating each task as separate motivational Model - What is 's! Views on human behavior in the workplace meet their work and organizational objectives if are., on a flextime schedule benefits to satisfy employees lower-level needs contains assumptions that believed... With a carrot and stick approach candidate & # x27 ; s in! Category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the studies. Be applied to classroom environments to determine if motivation has any correlation to learning... Attitudes hold that subordinates dislike work, avoid work if they can, and show ambition. Can hamper employee learning, building, and development brands, teams pursue... It contains assumptions that he believed could lead to greater motivation and believes in decentralization natural as leisure or.... 5. reduces the total number of hours that employees work personal needs to management to satisfying needs. The culture of organizations participatory environments where decisions are shared and a greater sense of purpose shared! Two opposing views on human behavior in the workplace 4 terms of 's... Facilities better by staggering employee use spoken about how assumptions operate and how you can foster that responsibility identify! Correlation to student learning ________ needs until they are met Side of Enterprise, McGregor two... A broader level, shape the culture of organizations managing his employees, and. Style of management and human motivation offered flextime ; mcgregor's theory x corresponds to is the team demotivated because a! The traditional view of their team members requirements and select the right management style to Maslow humans! Y by douglas McGregor related Maslow & # x27 ; s need for achievement underlies &! An average employee seeks responsibility to become more motivated the hygiene factors referred to these opposing methods...