Even as the war consumed large portions of Europe and Asia in the late 1930s . C. WACs sponsored fund raisers to purchase government war bonds. General Bradley had less experience in launching amphibious attacks. D) 290,000 people. b.) Under Article 33, known as the non-refoulement provision, refugees cannot be returned against their will to a place in which they would be endangered. Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress. . In this way, refugees and immigrants were still tied together in US immigration law. Other countries fared worse: Poland, with a prewar Jewish population of 3.5 million, had a quota of 6,524, and Romania, with a Jewish population of nearly a million, had a quota of 377. The United Nations succeeded where the League of Nations failed largely due to Included in this presentation are Pete Seeger's "Dear Mr. President" and "The Martins and Coys.". A. a.) helping drive them out of the Soviet Union. The rescue worker wouldn't leave the building without the little boy. C) She maintains an optimistic view of humankind. D. It gave Germany a pledge of military support from the Soviet Union. buying and selling coupon books for rationed goods. It allowed Germany to attack Poland with having to fight on two fronts. World War II, also called Second World War, conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the years 1939-45. Why did the Allies decide to wage a campaign in North Africa rather than the European mainland? Yet the United States would not enter the war until it was attacked directly. By the time the United States entered World War II, it had already been providing aid to areas threatened by Axis powers. They had significant military value that helped to keep Japan in the war. According to Roosevelt, what principles was the United States fighting for? founded the United Service Organizations. Unit 3 Challenge Questions/ The United States, Sophia U.S. History 2 Unit 4 Milestone Study, Sophia.org U.S. History II - UNIT 4 - CHALLEN, Vulnerability Scans, Security and Controls, Sophia.org U.S. History II - FINAL MILESTONE, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Donald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment. To help your students analyze these primary sources, get a graphic organizer and guides. C) Germany's attention was diverted from the war in the Pacific. A. Truman particularly criticized the fact that the bill restricted eligibility to people who had entered Germany, Austria, or Italy prior to December 22, 1945, effectively discriminating against Jewish displaced persons, many of whom had been in the Soviet zone of occupation and only traveled to western Europe later. D.Did not destroy all aircraft carriers/ did not declare war first. The most pressing threat, the Allieds decided in the beginning, was Hitler's Germany. D. What did the existence of kamikaze pilots reveal about the Japanese military? A. acknowledged The Nazi forces were able to buy time for more reinforcements to arrive. b.) D. Interventionists thought aid would help end the The American forces joined the Soviet forces for a joint assault on Berlin. They underestimated Japan's ability to project military force in the Pacific. What demographic effects did the war have on northern cities such as Detroit and Chicago? \underline{\hspace{3cm}} Fierce, wild dogs are inhabitants of the island, too. b.) C. Did not destroy all airfare "Over 90% of us were relocated against our will to assembly centers during the war." Facing History & Ourselves uses lessons of history to challenge teachers and their students to stand up to bigotry and hate. a.) The act allowed approximately 190,000 refugees, escapees, and expellees to arrive in the United States before the legislation expired in 1956. B. economic equality To seize islands vital to Japanese transportation and communication. D. The U.S. rejected Japan's demand of expansion. Approximately 80,000 Jewish DPs entered the United States between 1948 and 1952 under the Displaced Persons Act. C) World War I and the Spanish Civil War Hence, the sudden attack almost shocked the entire United States. "As the war continued, the economy weakened, leaving most working American families poor." ", Choose the statement that describes an economic consequence of the United States as an "arsenal of democracy." After the war, the United States and the international community used a series of directives, organizations, and laws to help displaced European refugees, including Holocaust survivors, immigrate to new countries. Which of the following is a reason that the United States initially stayed out of World War II? A) gathered widespread support for the creation of a Jewish homeland. "The federal government encouraged us to continue producing consumer goods to keep American citizens happy. With the support of President Gerald Ford, Congress passed a law in 1975 to allow more than 130,000 South Vietnamese and Cambodians to enter the United States, and President Jimmy Carter permitted 15,000 refugees who had escaped southeast Asia by boat to become permanent US residents in 1977. ", Choose the statement that accurately reflects the relationship between private business and the federal government during World War II. How did the countrys reasons for fighting the war, as articulated by Roosevelt, differ from those of Germany. A. defectors from the Soviet Union. Germany and Japan were to pay for the resettlement of displaced persons from the countries they formerly occupied. B. separate D. Many Americans believed the Soviet Union posed a greater threat than the Nazis or the Japanese. B. the Tripartite Pact In his address to the Reichstag, Hitler said: If it is the will of Providence that the German people not be spared this struggle, then I will be grateful to Providence for having appointed me leader in a historic contest, which for the next five hundred or one thousand years, will decisively affect not only German history but also the history of Europe, and indeed all of mankind. On June 5, 1941, diplomats abroad were cautioned that visas would soon be denied to applicants with close relatives remaining in German-occupied countries. A) Spanish Civil War and World War II It relied too heavily on air support. "Corporations and business owners used the assembly line to tackle production on a massive scale. "As a business owner, I had to begin to deduct a federal income tax from my employees' paychecks. promote the spread of democracy all over the world. One important effect of the D-Day invasion was that On August 9, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill first met aboard the cruiser USS Augusta. B. A. D. Japanese Americans feared that Japan would try to punish them for siding with the United States in the war. D. It was difficult for him to gauge where the Allies would strike next. ", b.) C) U.S. entry into World War II. D. B. On July 1, 1941, the same day that the new relatives rule went into effect, the State Department centralized all alien visa control in Washington. cooperating in trials to bring former Nazis to justice The Johnson-Reed Act also mandated that potential immigrants present their paperwork and receive US immigration visas at consulates abroad, prior to leaving for the United States. On December 11, 1941, Germany responded by declaring war on the United States, bringing American military forces into the European and Pacific conflicts on a global scale. D) forced Jews out of their homes and into tightly cramped ghettoes. "I thought the government should have adopted deficit spending during the war instead of focusing on keeping a balanced budget." b.) Pressure from China, a.) B. With war already raging in Asia, the invasion sparked a global conflict that lasted until 1945. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW drastically cut back its defense industries. America Declares War on Germany. D. A. c.) the Central Intelligence Agency. 3, Two days later, on December 11, 1941, Adolf Hitler declared war on the United States, and Benito Mussolini of Italy followed suit. B. The executive branch of the U.S. government was given unprecedented authority with The act was meant to solve the midnight races problem and establish a more permanent immigration law. He motivated Americans and established agencies to direct mobilization. C. It gave Germany new territory as the Soviets tried to appease Hitler. The so-called Zoot Suit Riots in Los Angeles in 1943 were a result of A. Roosevelt placed an embargo on Japan. A. "We were informed that our corporation would remain subject to antitrust regulations." The International Refugee Organization (IRO), a temporary specialized agency of the newly established United Nations, was created in December 1946 to replace the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees (IGC), which had originally been created during the Evian Conference in 1938. D) the signing of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. d.) The new immigration law reserved 6% of each years visas for people who were fleeing persecution in communist areas or the Middle East, or had escaped after a natural disaster. The American Theater was a theater of operations during World War II including all continental American territory, and extending 200 miles (320 km) into the ocean.. Owing to North and South America's geographical separation from the central theaters of conflict (in Europe, the Mediterranean and Middle East, and the Pacific) the threat of an invasion of the continental U.S. or other areas in . C. Passive 4. Many Americans felt he was simply trying to postpone the inevitable war in Europe. A) the American defense industry declined after the war. D. a German airborne force who rescued Mussolini from a mountaintop fortress in Italy. D) the beginning of World War II. A. "We began a civil rights campaign to achieve both a victory in Europe and a victory over racism in the U.S.", Choose the statement that best reflects the experiences of Japanese Americans after the United States entered World War II. Polling also showed that more Americans supported immigration limits on Jewish DPs than on Germans who had left their homes fleeing Soviet occupation. C. He created the American Red Cross to assist soldiers and their families. D) She is certain the Germans will lose the war. C. Americans suffered heavy losses at Pearl Harbor. What did the Nazi-Soviet pact accomplish for Germany? D. laborers migrated from Mexico to work on farms in the West. C. President Roosevelt helped increase employment opportunities for African Americans when he A) process the forced deportation of German Jews to other countries. In the end, the United States was forced into the war on December 7th, 1941 when Japan surprise attack the United States at Pearl Harbor. What ultimately prevented the Nazis from conquering Great Britain in 1940? After World War II began in 1939, the State Department cautioned consular officials to exercise particular care in screening applicants: "In view of the international situation, it is essential that all aliens seeking admission into the United States, including both immigrants and nonimmigrants be examined with the greatest care. Visa applicants were required to submit moral affidavits, attesting to their identities and good conduct, from several responsible disinterested persons, in addition to financial affidavits. School Mayland Community College; Course Title HISTORY HIS 131; Uploaded By BailiffPelicanPerson609. It would prevent the Axis from receiving reinforcements from Japan's Indian Ocean fleet. work on the development of an atomic bomb. In an attempt to prevent American interference in the Pacific war, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, the US naval station in Hawaii, in a surprise attack on December 7, 1941. C) transform "undesirables" into productive members of society. A. d.) None passed. "We found financial self-reliance, which was new for us, after we went to work in the defense industry." Fears of infiltration and espionage led to additional restrictions on visa applicants. . A) victory over fear and want, as described in the Four Freedoms speech All of Germany's European Axis allies participated to some degree in the persecution and murder of Jews during the Holocaust. The United States, a signatory along with54 other nations, supplied 40% of the IROs administrative expenses and 46% of its operational expenses, and the IROs Director-General was always an American citizen. Under President Woodrow Wilson, the United States remained neutral until 1917 and then entered the war on the side of the Allied powers (the United Kingdom, France, and Russia). A) less than one quarter Copyright 2023 Facing History & Ourselves. Washington, DC 20024-2126 Wallace was born on January 9, 1922 in Salt Lake City, Utah and registered for the draft on June 30, 1942. C) restricted the number of countries that accepted Jewish refugees. On December 8, 1941 (the day after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor), Alan Lomax, then "assistant in charge" of the Archive of American Folk Song (now the American Folklife Center archive), sent a telegram to fieldworkers in ten different localities across the United States, asking them to collect "man-on-the-street" reactions of ordinary Americans to the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the subsequent declaration of war by the United States. A. designated certain areas as war zones. Students begin to understand and stake out a preliminary position in response to the assessment writing prompt. A ceasefire and Armistice was declared on November 11, 1918.Before entering the war, the U.S. had remained neutral, though it had been an important supplier to the United Kingdom, France, and the other powers of the Allies of World War I. The population plummeted due to people going to fight overseas. "When the Japanese attacked, most factories were already set up to produce for the war effort." the League of Nations. Place the events related to World War II in the correct sequence, following the signing of a mutual defense treaty by Japan and Germany. D. He issued an order to desegregate the military. Sicily and the fall of Mussolini, July-August 1943. B. through the sale of coupon books for consumer goods Japanese attack Pearl Harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, a territory of the US. B) join political organizations. "We were faced with the possibility of deportation even though we were U.S. c.) C. stable government "My factory converted its production lines to produce bombers, and we hired more workers. d.) D. the establishment of internment camps for resident aliens. After a day the incident, on 8th September 1941, United States President Franklin Delano Roosevelt declared war on Japan and made its first entry into WW2. He believed a joint offensive with the Soviets through Eastern Europe would be far more effective. American officials were concerned that unfriendly governments would use family members as hostages or bargaining chips to coerce immigrants to commit acts of sabotage or espionage. C) creating a military tribunal to punish those who participated in the Nazi genocide. B) instituted the systematic extermination of German Jews. To protect Soviet troops in France. The Second World War began in 1939 and lasted through to 1945. He feared the other Americans would try to establish a permanent presence in Eastern Europe. Under this international treaty, a refugee was defined as, "a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it. The United States did not sign the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention, instead passing its own set of laws which also aided specific groups of refugees for limited periods of time. Which of the following was an effect of the attack on Pearl Harbor? D. Congress began negotiating a new immigration bill, which would set quotas for the first time on the number of immigrants from each country who could enter the United States. A) the war in Europe was over. What factors after 1939 led to US involvement in World War II? "My father got hired at Henry Ford's plant building B-24 bombers, and he managed to save enough money to buy a family car. The United States entered World War II after the Japanese attack on _____. Allied forces strategy during World War II. Nazi Germany declared war on the United States on December 11, 1941. Experts believe that if Japan didn't attack Pearl Harbor, then America probably would not have been involved in World War II. D) victory over the Axis Powers abroad and discrimination at home. d) Americans experienced a series of military losses. The Refugee Act of 1980 remains in effect. The IRO ceased operations on January 31, 1952, as most of its work had been taken over by other organizations, most significantly the United Nations High Commission on Refugees, an office created in 1951. . Millions of men and women entered military service and saw parts of the world they would likely never have seen otherwise. Those men held power by selling everyone else a myth: The biggest threat to workers like you are . The United States long reserved its most lucrative occupations for an elite class of white men. The result is a portrait of everyday life in America as the United States entered World War II. World War II changed both the type of work women did and the volume at which they did it. Pete Seeger and Huddie Ledbetter (Leadbelly) recorded original songs for the "Dear Mr. President" interviews. National Expansion and Reform, 1815 - 1880, Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945. D. The preamble mentions "the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind." The labor demands of war industries caused millions more Americans to move--largely to the Atlantic, Pacific . On May 24, 1924, Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1924, also known as the Johnson-Reed Act or the National Origins Act. World War II started on September 1, 1939, with the German invasion of Poland. C) chairman of the U.N. Commission on Human Rights In 1940, Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy, creating World War IIs Axis powers. To divide the German army The Second War Powers Act of 1942 (56 Stat. C. the British Royal Air Force The initial purpose of the Nazi concentration camps was supposedly to A) the passing of the War Powers Acts. holding free elections in Eastern Europe after the war. In exchange, refugees must abide by the laws and regulations of the country of asylum. The 1967 United Nations Refugee Protocol expanded the 1951 Refugee Convention, which had originally limited the definition of refugee to people who had been displaced in Europe prior to 1951. World War II was just six years long but surprisingly, it had two presidents ruling the United States during its course. President Lyndon Johnson signed the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (known as the Hart-Celler Act), which eliminated the national origins quotas that for 40 years had seriously limited the ability of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia, to obtain US immigration visas. A. C. After the United States entered World War II, Students reflect on the unit as a whole and begin to write a strong thesis statement for their essay. As a consequence, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and American women became more aggressive in trying to win their full freedoms and civil rights as guaranteed by the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution during the postwar era. He feared it would leave Britain vulnerable to a deadly German counter-offensive. These recordings total approximately seven and one half hours and were also used to create a radio program, entitled "Dear Mr. President," which was broadcast in May 1942. C. committed suicide in his bunker. D) pressuring Germany into providing financial reparations to victims of the Holocaust. The 1921 quotas were enforced on Ellis Island, not at US consulates abroad. The 1953 Refugee Relief Act defined refugee (someone in a non-Communist country fleeing persecution), escapee (someone fleeing communism), and expellee" (an ethnic German forced out of Eastern Europe). By capturing nearby islands, the U.S. could install military bases to keep Japan in check. Although refugees gained legal status under postwar international law, the scope of these laws were narrow and limited at first, before expanding to their current form. B) Many Americans feared the effect of refugees on the strained job market. It would allow the Allies to gain control of the precious oil fields in the Middle East. A. more denouncement President Truman feared a second Japanese attack on American soil. Choose the statement that best reflects the experiences of African Americans after the United States entered World War II. What was the Double Victory? Choose the statement that best reflects the experiences of African Americans after the United States entered World War II. Circle each direct object. After learning about the Armenian Genocide, students reflect on the writing prompt a second time by adding a historical lense. How did Hitler gain territory between 1930-1938? The 1941 recordings were made as a part of the the Library of Congress' Radio Research Project. The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention, but did sign the 1967 United Nations Refugee Protocol, which removed those geographical and time limitations. The result is a portrait of everyday life in America as the United States entered World War II. "President Roosevelt nationalized the shipping and shipbuilding industries." A. The principal belligerents were the Axis powersGermany, Italy, and Japanand the AlliesFrance, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and, to a lesser extent, China. A) the end of the Great Depression. a.) Visual evidence of the Holocaust, shown in popular magazines, newspapers and movie theater newsreels, did not change Americans minds towards immigration or refugees. How did WACs contribute to the American war effort? Our headquarters are located at: 89 South Street, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02111. C. In Article 2, Principle 1, what does sovereign mean? Between 1933 and 1941, for example, roughly 118,000 German quota slots that could have been used went unfilled. He died of a brain hemorrhage on April 12,1945. Europe would be far more effective vulnerable to a deadly German counter-offensive Europe after war! 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