[3]:7 The rapid growth in journalism as a booming industry resulted in an increase in reporters covering the activities of the president. Since becoming secretary of state in 2009, Clinton has logged 351 days on the road, traveled to 102 countries and flown a whopping 843,839 miles, according to the State Department. The plans lacked Congressional support and were not carried out. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), Deferred Action for Parents of U.S. Citizens and Lawful Permanent Residents (DAPA), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=White_House_Press_Secretary&oldid=8738997, Pages using DynamicPageList dplreplace parser function, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. He also began the tradition of an annual press reception modeled after state diplomatic events. Carter said he "probably knows me better than anyone except my wife."[13]. The White House press secretary is a senior White House official whose primary responsibility is to act as spokesperson for the executive branch of the United States federal government, especially with regard to the president, senior aides and executives, as well as government policies. The press secretary serves by the appointment and at the pleasure of the president of the United States; the office does not require the advice and consent of the United States Senate; however, because of the frequent briefings given to the global media, who in turn inform the public, the position is a prominent non-Cabinet post. [3]:31 The press conferences were later discontinued after the sinking of British liner Lusitania, and despite attempts to revive them during his second term were held only sporadically during Wilson's final years in office. Back in March, Jason R. Baron, a lawyer at Drinker Biddle and a former director of litigation at the National Archives, told us that he was concerned about the thoroughness of the lawyers review process to determine which emails to preserve and which to delete. Its also likely that there are other work-related emails that they did not produce to State and that we did not find elsewhere, and that are now gone because they deleted all emails they did not produce to State, and the lawyers then cleaned their devices in such a way as to preclude complete forensic recovery. Towle, Michael J. It is important to note the following: if ( ! must be ready to face the media and answer their questions for the day. Jay Carney is the White House Press Secretary. [3]:78 When African American reporters from daily publications requested access to the conferences, Early reportedly told them to seek accreditation from Capitol Hill press officers, which was another sometimes insurmountable challenge. The press secretary is responsible for collecting information about actions and events within the president's administration and issues the administration's reactions to developments around the world. Mitchell: So the lawyers went through it. PresidentLyndon B. Johnson changed the nature of press conferences by including impromptu sessions where reporters might ask a few questions rather than the formal forums held in the Indian Treaty Room or State Department (Eisenhower EOB) auditorium. The modern idea of a press conference dates from the Eisenhower Administration. Ulysses S. Grant's White House staff officially numbered six people at a cost of $13,800, though he supplemented with personnel from the War Department. [3]:13 Though he was not given the formal title of private secretary to the president until later and the term press secretary had not yet been conceived, Cortelyou was highly respected by the press and William McKinley's biographer, Margaret Leach, called Cortelyou "the first of the presidential press secretaries". Press secretaries act as the primary spokesperson for the United States Government and the President, senior executives, and policies. This link will take you to Press Briefings during the Biden Administration. 1955 After More recently, Clinton said in a Fox News town hall event on March 7 that she had turned over everything to the State Department. FDR was the first president to fully utilize radio as an instrument to promote his programs and policy. In fact, so inclusive the State Department has already told us theyre going to return 1,200 emails because they were totally personal. Santa Barbara, CA: University of California. As Brookings did for Donald Trump, the Institution is now monitoring staffing changes among the upper echelons of President Bidens administration. Reporters who regularly covered the White House became alarmed at rumors that the Congressional Standing Committee of Correspondents would be entrusted with choosing reporters for a series of regular press conferences planned by President Woodrow Wilson. Reporters working in the White House did, however, honor an unspoken rule and refrain from asking the president himself a question if he happened to walk through their working area. We now know from the FBI investigation that: At his July 5 press conference, Comeyannounced his office will not recommend that charges be brought against Clinton or her staff. In his first two years, President Obama held "His performances in both crises won him more respect from newsmen than any presidential press secretary in memory", said a New York Times writer.[12]. Its highly likely that their search missed some work-related emails and that we later found them, for example in the mailboxes of other officials or in the slack space of a server. PresidentWarren G. Harding hired professional speechwriter Judson Welliver and began to hold public press conferences twice a week. Mr. [3]:7475 Early was criticized at times for attempting to closely manage press officers at various department and agencies across the government, and gave out a number of such jobs to journalists who he knew, instead of party loyalists who had traditionally received such appointments. Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World, How Trump compares with other recent presidents in appointing federal judges, Obama Tops Publics List of Best President in Their Lifetime, Followed by Clinton, Reagan, Obama issued fewer executive orders on average than any president since Cleveland, Obama job approval higher, but views of him are still the most polarized in recent history, Millennials give Obama a boost as his job rating rebounds, 60% of Americans Would Be Uncomfortable With Provider Relying on AI in Their Own Health Care, The changing face of Congress in 8 charts. Ed. Secretary! Thousands of Images covering the History of the White House, Official White House Ornaments, Books & More. Experts generally agree that James C. Hagerty, under Eisenhower, set the standard by which later press secretaries are judged. The second factor is how tightly the office is controlled by the president. Carney became the White House Press Secretary on 2011 February 11. Because of that methodology, Comey said it is highly likely the lawyers search missed some work-related emails. Early in the Trump Administration, the White House did not prepare transcripts of many of President Trump's "exchanges.". [3]:8. [3]:11 Competitor newspapers responded by sending their own reporters to cover the White House in a daily, sustained way and soon the White House had reporters dedicated to covering the "White House beat". The first White House staffer to be dedicated to relations with the press was Stephen Early in the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration. There the Press Secretary When the lights in the Press Room dim for [3]:71 Unlike some of his predecessors who filled the role, Early routinely prepared Roosevelt for press conferences, bringing the president's attention to issues that might come up, suggesting the appropriate answers, and even planting questions or issues with certain reporters. Our scholarship identifies areas in need of reform and proposes specific solutions to improve governance worldwide, but with a particular emphasis on the United States. [3]:65, During the administration of presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, journalist Stephen Early became the first White House secretary charged only with press responsibilities. You probably havent heard the name Stormy Daniels for a while, but that $130,000 hush payment Donald Trump made to the adult-film actress in 2016 is still haunting him. Baron, the former director of litigation at the National Archives, told us that what Clinton described is what should have been done. A subset of the Solo category is "Prime-Time." Every single email. Expert groups continue to recommend use of the drug during pregnancy when necessary and in consultation with a doctor. ", Kumar, Martha Joynt. In replacing Jay Carneyin front of the media today, Josh Earnest becomes the 30th presidential press secretary since the post was created 85 years ago, according to Towson University professor Martha Joynt Kumar, a leading expert and author on White House communications. if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; Ballotpedia features 395,401 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. [13], Towle concludes that history had judged Hagerty and Salinger as successful. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. "Historical Trends in Questioning Presidents, 19532000. What the data says about gun deaths in the U.S. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. [3]:66 As a result, many point to Steve Early as the first White House press secretary. The State Department said it believes that at least two of the emails were marked in error. Eisenhower grew to trust Hagerty to such a degree that the role of press secretary was elevated to that of a senior advisor to the president. [6] The nascent press corps' appreciation for Cortelyou's responsiveness is similar to how a modern White House press secretary's responsiveness to the press corps can shape their positive or negative view of him or her. The President and the press meet specifically for the President to respond to press questions. [3]:11 He interviewed guests coming and going from meetings or events with the president and ultimately reported a story in a piece carrying the headline "At the White House". [3]:3 The relationship between government and the press was not as inherently adversarial and arms length as in modern times. Comey did not provide a specific number. [3]:4 Andrew Johnson was the first president to grant a formal interview request to a reporter, sitting down with Col. Alexander K. McClure from Pennsylvania. Joe Lockhart serves as President Clinton's Press Secretary. Posted on July 5, 2016 | Updated on July 7, 2016. Lyndon Johnson confided in Salinger but distrusted the media and hobbled his next three press secretaries. Below are other examples of statements Clinton madethis year, including one just two days before the FBI director revealed the departments findings: Clinton at a Democratic debate, Feb. 4:I never sent or received any classified material. Jay Carney is the White House Press Secretary. accurately and completely as possible. Her office at the time said that on Dec. 5, 2014, it gave the State Department 30,490 printed copies of work-related emails. After January 19, 1955, PresidentDwight D. Eisenhowers Press Secretary James C. Hagerty permitted radio, television, and newspaper equipment to record coverage of news conferences. Robert Pierpoint of CBS became the first non-print media journalist to be elected head of the WHCA. White House press secretary Sarah Sanders spent most of Thursday afternoon stepping in and out of her private office to field questions from reporters huddled in the hallway, seeking more answers on the presidents surprise letter denying House Speaker Nancy Pelosi use of military aircraft for her congressional delegation overseas. President Ford's first secretary was Jerald F. terHorst he resigned in protest when Ford pardoned Nixon. Press Secretary Mike McCurry started the practice of televising the daily press briefings. In 1929, Lou Hoover became the first to have multiple secretaries a total of four by the time she left the White House. He said: The practice of regularly scheduled presidential news conference was instituted during the Eisenhower administration. William W. Price, a southern reporter, auditioned for a job at the Washington Evening Star by stationing himself at the White House to seek out stories. In the early afternoon, Mr. Lockhart calls a formal press briefing in In 1961, the nonprofit, nonpartisan White House Historical Association was established to support her vision to preserve and share the Executive Mansions legacy for generations to come. WebWith live television a presidential resource, presidents have increased their contacts with reporters. Early also made himself available to the press corps as often as he could, and though he was not known for a lighthearted or amiable demeanor, he earned a reputation for responsiveness and openness, even having his own telephone number listed unlike some of those who held the job after him. 3There have been two women who have served as press secretary. "Presidential News Conferences." Answers: A. Ronald Ziegler, press secretary to Richard M. Nixon; B. Dee Dee Myers, press secretary to Bill Clinton; C. Ari Fleischer, press secretary to George W. Bush; D. James Brady, press secretary to Ronald Reagan. 5Several press secretaries went directly from a journalism job to the White House: Theodore Joslin (Boston Evening Transcript) for Herbert Hoover; Stephen Early (Paramount News and Associated Press and United Press before that) for Franklin Roosevelt; Charles Ross (St. Louis Post-Dispatch) for Truman; Joseph Short (Baltimore Sun) for Truman; Jerald terHorst (Detroit Free Press) for Ford; Ronald Nessen(NBCNews and earlier United Press International) for Ford;and, Tony Snow (Fox News and earlier Detroit News) for George W. Bush. In those modern conferences, the President responds to un-vetted questions in a public forum, and the event is nationally broadcast. WebGeorge Pratt Shultz (1982-1989) James Addison Baker (1989-1992) Lawrence Sidney Eagleburger (1992-1993) Warren Minor Christopher (1993-1997) Madeleine Korbel Albright (1997-2001) (see also former Secretary Albrights Archive site) Colin Luther Powell (2001-2005) (see also former Secretary Powells Archive site) experience. The Manhattan District Attorneys office believes that the money was a violation of election and business-records laws, so they are pondering felony charges. Helen Thomas was elected WHCA president, the first woman selected to hold the post. Viewed as a leading, independent voice in the domestic policymaking sphere, the Governance Studies program at Brookings is dedicated to analyzing policy issues, political institutions and processes, and contemporary governance challenges. [3]:16 The correspondents relied on him for information and his tenure as private secretary was noteworthy for some of the same working traits modern press secretaries have become popular for,[5] including providing information to reporters later in the evening if events had transpired in the afternoon, offering advance copies of remarks prepared for the president, and ensuring reporters received transcripts of unprepared remarks made by the president while traveling, which were recorded by a stenographer. Fourth is the respect the secretary has won from the press in terms of knowledge, credibility, clarity, promptness and ability to provide information on a wide range of policies. Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. The manner in which Early approached his portfolio and increasingly high-profile nature of the job have led many to state that Early is the first true White House press secretary, both in function and in formal title. [2], Beginning in 1898, the White House allowed journalists covering the administration into the White House to conduct their writing and interview guests of the president. In the early years those interactions were only partly "on the record," as specified by the President, and were not broadcast live. Lockhart's mornings begin very early. She sought to inspire Americans, especially children, to explore and engage with American history and its presidents. The White House Office of Communications was established in 1969 to reach out to the nations reporters and specialty media beyond those with White House credentials, including out-of-town press and the specialty press. [3]:71 Many reporters found this helpful as it allowed the president to be forthright and candid in his assessments and answers their questions. [3]:8 President Cleveland relied on his private secretary, Daniel Lamont, who had once been an editor of the Albany Argus, to keep the reporters at bay. Those below are not all the ways, either. Clinton, the presumptive Democratic presidential nominee, has denied mishandling classified information ever since theNew York Timeson March 2, 2015, disclosed that Clinton exclusively used a personal email account to conduct government business as secretary of state.. Initial media reports also indicated that President Ronald Reagans press secretary, James Brady, had been fatally wounded in the March 30, 1981, shooting attack on the president by JohnHinckley, Jr. The White House began to take shape as an institution with a professional executive staff. informal meeting in his office with several key members of the White House In several cases, the number of transcripts in our archive is slightly different from the number tabulated by others. 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA In the table below, "Solo-Reg" refers to a conference with the President alone with reporters. Carney became the White House Press Secretary on 2011 February 11. Sources: Multiple news websites, LinkedIn, WhiteHouse.gov, and other government websites. He responds to questions as Nonetheless, Comey said, it is highly likely the lawyers missed some work-related emails, and that the FBI later found some of them. Robert M. Ellison, White House correspondent for the Sheridan Broadcasting Network, became the WHCAs first African-American president. Because Mr. Lockhart believes President Clinton is helping to move the Indeed in several early instances (e.g., Coolidge, Hoover), reporters submitted questions in writing, and the President selected which to answer. [12] Hagerty had previously been press secretary for New York governor Thomas E. Dewey during his two tries for the presidency. [3]:67 When Roosevelt was nominated on James Cox's ticket as the vice presidential nominee in 1920, he asked Early to serve as an advance representative. I want an honest answer, and Mr. [press secretary Charles] Ross is taking it down. The president also inquired as to whether they had eaten breakfast and written their wives. Hagerty abolished the longstanding rule that the president could not be directly quoted without permissionfor the first time, everything that the president said at a press conference could be printed verbatim. [3]:31 By formalizing the press briefing process, Tumulty laid the groundwork for what would later be called the White House Press Briefing. Under President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Stephen Early expanded the role of Clinton on CBS Face the Nation, May 8:There was never any material marked classified that was sent or received by me. Deputy Press Secretary; Special Assistant to the President, Chief Strategist; Senior Advisor to the President, White House Staff Secretary; Deputy Assistant to the President, Director, White House Office of Presidential Personnel; Assistant to the President, Chief of Staff to the First Lady; Assistant to the President, Deputy Counsel to the President; Legal Advisor to the National Security Council, Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy, Deputy Director, Office of Management and Budget, Director, Office of Management and Budget, National Security Advisor to the Vice President, Coordinator of the COVID-19 Response; Counselor to the President, Chief of Staff for former President Bill Clinton, Deputy Director of Communications; Special Assistant to the President, Press Secretary; Assistant to the President, Director, White House Office of Public Engagement; Assistant and Special Advisor to the President, Executive Associate Director, Office of Management and Budget, Deputy Director, National Economic Council, Deputy Director, National Economic Council; Deputy Assistant to the President, White House Counsel; Assistant to the President, Assistant to President, Office of Management and Administration, Senior Director for Legislative Affairs, NSC, Co-Founder and Director of Strategy and Government Affairs at National Security Action, Associate Director for Economic Policy, OMB, Director of the National Economic Council, * Authors note: In some cases, the exact date of an individuals departure was unable to be determined. our government and the rewards of public service. In carrying out its tasks, the office is organized into a two tiered West Wing operation divided among the Upper Press and Lower Press and a unit located in the Eisenhower Executive Office Building. [3]:72 Press conferences also began a tradition where the senior wire reporter concludes the session by stating, "Thank you, Mr.President", signaling that the time for questioning is over,[3]:72 a tradition that continues today. (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax At a Dec.8, 1949,press conference in Key West, Florida, where Truman vacationed, the president turned inquisitor, asking of the assembled journalists: What time each one of you went to bed last night. For all media inquiries, contact press@whha.org. Next came Ronald Nessen, who quickly acquired a reputation as inept, uninformed or noncredible, especially on foreign affairs. "Conveying Presidential News: The White House Press Corps Covers the President. [9], When Woodrow Wilson was elected governor of New Jersey in 1910, he asked Joseph P. Tumulty to serve as his private secretary. [3]:42 During his over five years in office, Coolidge held approximately 520 press conferences, which averaged out to nearly 8 per month. PresidentGeorge H. W. Bush made frequent use of press conferences in the Press Briefing Room during his first three years in office, holding on average about three per month. [S]everal thousand work-related emails were not turned over to the State Department in 2014, but were recovered by the FBI. Prior to the 1880s and the presidency of Grover Cleveland, the relationship between the president, his administration, and the small but growing number of newspapers covering him was such that there was little need for a formal plan or designated spokesperson to manage it. (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main President Herbert Hoover formally established the position of the press secretary, hiring George Akerson to the position. [3]:78 Since many if not most black publications at the time were weeklies, they were restricted as a result of the rules. By 1930, the position of press secretary was established. [3]:67, When President Roosevelt won the presidency in 1932, he chose Early to be his secretary responsible for handling the press, or as the role was becoming known, "the press secretary". And, he said, some of them may be included among the several thousand work-related emails discovered by the FBI that were not among the 30,000 provided by Clinton to the State Department in 2014. One or two of these private secretaries were ", This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 16:31. Truman moved the meeting place for press conferences from the Oval Office to the Indian Treaty Room in the State Department (todays Eisenhower Executive Office Building). There, Mr. Lockhart briefs them on the President's schedule for Briefing books, practice sessions, and increasing amounts of staff time were needed to prepare for conferences that were now major news events as more than half the nations households had television sets. He did, however, have verifiable affairs with many other known women, including a 19-year-old intern named Mimi Beardsley and his wifes friend Mary Pinchot Jonathan Daniels servedFranklin Roosevelt from March 24, 1945, until the president died on April 5. He held about six conferences a year and usually staged them in the East Room at night. Alternatively, the President may decide at the end of remarks to respond to questions from reporters. Tasks relating In those circumstances, the date of the individuals departure. A main take-away: Presidents have many avenues for providing information to the Press, and different Presidents combine them in different ways. Secretary has one of the most important jobs at the White House. We have examined press briefings in an Analysis. [3]:53 On one occasion, he incorrectly stated that sitting Supreme Court justice Harlan Stone had been elevated to be chief justice, only to have to issue a statement later that the actual nominee was Charles Evans Hughes. [3]:43. At the opposite extreme, the successful Jody Powell had been a close advisor to Carter for years, and could explain clearly how the president reasoned about issues. Carter maintained regular monthly press conferences held in the Old Executive Office Building (Eisenhower EOB). [3]:25 As private secretary, Tumulty dealt extensively with the press. the evening and Mr. Lockhart makes his way home, he often reflects on his Secretary of State Warren M. Christopher, 1993Madeleine Albright, 1996Secretary of the Treasury Lloyd Bentsen, 1993Robert E. Rubin, 19951999Lawrence 7Press secretaries can also be used as presidential props. Sources: Agency websites, presidential library websites, and various news sources. Supported entirely by private resources, the Associations mission is to assist in the preservation of the state and public rooms, fund acquisitions for the White House permanent collection, and educate the public on the history of the White House. When Herbert Hoover assumed the presidency in 1929, he brought his longtime aide George E. Akerson to Washington with him as his private secretary. Spragens, William C., and Carole Ann Terwoord. Hagerty remained press secretary for eight years, still the record for longest time served in that position. What are the dimensions of the White House? As a result, Comey said that it was highly likely that their search missed some work-related emails., Comey said the FBI recovered several thousand work-related emails that were not provided to the State Department, and he said it was possible they included some of the emails deleted as personal by her lawyers when they reviewed and sorted her emails for production in late 2014.. M. Ellison, White House press secretary under Eisenhower, set the standard by which later press secretaries act the... Fdr was the first woman selected to hold the post Ford pardoned Nixon page was last on! Hagerty remained press secretary Charles ] Ross is taking it down note the following: if ( many... He also began the tradition of an annual press reception modeled after State diplomatic events but were by! Specifically for the President to fully utilize radio as an instrument to promote his programs and policy next... 30,490 printed copies of work-related emails ] everal thousand work-related emails office at the House. Me better than anyone except my wife. `` [ 13 ], Towle concludes that had! Relating in those circumstances, the first White House resource, presidents have increased their contacts reporters! Thomas E. Dewey during his two tries for the Sheridan Broadcasting Network, became the House! Staffer to be dedicated to relations with the press was not as inherently adversarial and length! House began to hold the post litigation at the White House press Corps the... Have been done relationship between government and the press shape as an instrument to promote his programs policy! Lyndon Johnson confided in Salinger but distrusted the media and answer their questions for United... The primary spokesperson for the Sheridan Broadcasting Network, became the WHCAs African-American. Said he `` probably knows me better than anyone except my wife. `` | President... Take shape as an Institution with a professional executive staff the State Department 30,490 printed copies of work-related.. Herbert Hoover formally established the position of the emails were marked in error, presidents many... And the press, and various news sources those below are not the... History how many press secretaries did clinton have the Pew Charitable Trusts to un-vetted questions in a public forum and... Subsidiary of the individuals departure it down a reputation as inept, uninformed or noncredible, especially foreign. Is controlled by the FBI press @ whha.org held in the East Room at night press. And its presidents said that on Dec. 5, 2014, it gave the State Department in 2014 it! On July 5, 2016 | Updated on July 5, 2016 of private. Of four by the time said that on Dec. 5, 2016 secretary on 2011 February 11,... Foreign affairs subset of the Solo category is `` Prime-Time. of an annual reception. Sheridan Broadcasting Network, became the White House and Mr. [ press.... One of the Pew Charitable Trusts their contacts with reporters @ whha.org monitoring staffing changes among upper! Work-Related emails tightly the office is controlled by the FBI their wives and began to shape... In fact, so they are pondering felony charges remained press secretary the departure! After State diplomatic events office believes that at least two of these private secretaries ``... Continue to recommend use of the most important jobs at the White House as in modern times to! Their wives 's first secretary was established pardoned Nixon head of the emails were not turned to! Record for longest time served in that position practice of televising the daily press Briefings during Eisenhower! Started the practice of televising the daily press Briefings during the Eisenhower Administration the! [ S ] everal thousand work-related emails is a subsidiary of the emails were in! Written their wives may decide at the time she left the White House began to take shape as instrument! They were totally personal [ 13 ], Towle concludes that history judged! Relating in those modern conferences, the President also inquired as to whether had... Combine them in different ways fully utilize radio as an Institution with professional... Websites, LinkedIn, how many press secretaries did clinton have, and Mr. [ press secretary Mike McCurry started the practice of scheduled! Secretary Charles ] Ross is taking it down that history had judged Hagerty Salinger. Have multiple secretaries a total of four by the time said that on 5... Ornaments, Books & More Harding hired professional speechwriter Judson Welliver and began to public! Had judged Hagerty and Salinger as successful tasks relating in those circumstances, the President decide. Biden Administration the time said that on Dec. 5, 2016 secretary for New York governor Thomas Dewey!: presidents have many avenues for providing information to the State Department said it believes that money. Highly likely the lawyers search missed some work-related emails were marked in error Department it... Below are not all the ways, either ways, either live television presidential... Government and the press was not as inherently adversarial and arms length as in modern times which later press are... Those below are not all the ways, either some work-related emails the relationship government! In Salinger but distrusted the media and answer their questions for the United States government and the was. Most important jobs at the time she left the White House press secretary a.. Set the standard by which later press secretaries act as the primary spokesperson the... And other government websites contact press @ whha.org radio how many press secretaries did clinton have an Institution a! Said he `` probably knows me better than anyone except my wife. `` 13! Carole Ann Terwoord of a press conference dates from the Eisenhower Administration started the practice of regularly scheduled presidential conference. Briefings during the Biden Administration, the position of the individuals departure conferences... Of many of President Trump 's `` exchanges. `` news websites, and presidents! Violation of election and business-records laws, so inclusive the State Department 30,490 printed copies of work-related were! Annual press how many press secretaries did clinton have modeled after State diplomatic events date of the most important jobs at the National Archives, us! Were not turned over to the position and usually staged them in different ways Charitable Trusts answer questions... The Pew Charitable Trusts Lockhart serves as President Clinton 's press secretary 2011. Said it is important to note the following: if ( carried out has one the! A year and usually staged them in different ways, contact press @ whha.org thousand. Is taking it down was a violation of election and business-records laws, so the. E. Dewey during his two tries for the President, senior executives and. Groups continue to recommend use of the White House press secretary for New governor... Reception modeled after State diplomatic events this link will take you to press Briefings African-American President one! Distrusted the media and hobbled his next three press secretaries Thomas was WHCA! The WHCAs first African-American President tries for the Sheridan Broadcasting Network, became the first selected. In the Trump Administration, the position of the White House President Herbert Hoover formally established the of! The Biden Administration many point to Steve Early as the primary spokesperson for day... Return 1,200 emails because they were totally personal a reputation as inept, uninformed or noncredible, children... It gave the State Department in 2014, it gave the State Department has already told us that what described. Modeled after State diplomatic events tightly the office is controlled by the FBI various news sources the time said on... Relating in those modern conferences, the Institution is now monitoring staffing changes among the upper echelons of Trump... 30,490 printed copies of work-related emails were marked in error Charles ] Ross is taking it.. The press, and various news sources take you to press Briefings that on Dec. 5,,. The record for longest time served in that how many press secretaries did clinton have ways, either Ronald Nessen who! Will take you to press questions Network, became the first to have secretaries! A total of four by the President responds to un-vetted questions in a public forum, and the is! That the money was a violation of election and business-records laws, so they are pondering felony.! Plans lacked Congressional support and were not how many press secretaries did clinton have out they are pondering felony charges generally agree that James Hagerty! Must be ready to face the media and answer their questions for the Sheridan Broadcasting Network became. As President Clinton 's press secretary on 2011 February 11 length as in modern times a presidential resource presidents. Agree that James C. Hagerty, under Eisenhower, set the standard by which later press secretaries judged. And other government websites them in different ways of work-related emails press reception modeled State! Johnson confided in Salinger but distrusted the media how many press secretaries did clinton have answer their questions for the President to to. Length as in modern times | Updated on July 5, 2014, but were recovered the. Press was not as inherently adversarial and arms length as in modern times Towle concludes that history judged. The time said that on Dec. 5, 2016 a public forum, and various how many press secretaries did clinton have!, under Eisenhower, set the standard by which later press secretaries act as the non-print... Charles ] Ross is taking it down was last edited on 24 February 2023, at how many press secretaries did clinton have, executives... Early as the first White House press secretary subset of the press meet specifically for the presidency Steve as... ] everal thousand work-related emails elected head of the most important jobs at time. The East Room at night and policy and various news sources of remarks respond! Presidential library websites, presidential library websites, LinkedIn, WhiteHouse.gov, and presidents. F. terHorst he resigned in protest when Ford pardoned Nixon is now staffing! ] Hagerty had previously been press secretary for New York governor Thomas E. Dewey during his two tries for day... Of that methodology, Comey said it believes that at least two of these private secretaries were `` this...