The name Europe, or Europa, is believed to be of Greek origin, as it is the name of a princess in Greek mythology. The financial and diplomatic success of the EU has led to its rapid growth across the continent.The euro is one of the strongest currencies in the world. The northern plain contains the old geological continent of Baltica, and so may be regarded as the "main continent", while peripheral highlands and mountainous regions in south and west constitute fragments from various other geological continents. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europes physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Today, Europe is home to the citizens of Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland), and Vatican City.Cultural GeographyEurope has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. Fortuitously, Europe has no continuous mountain obstacle aligned north-south, corresponding, for example, to the Western Cordillera of North America and the Andes Mountains of South America, that would limit access into western Europe from the ocean. It stands 10,922 feet high on the coast of the Mediterranean island Sicily. She or he will best know the preferred format. San Marino and Vatican City, two fully sovereign nations, are both completely surrounded by Italy. Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. This program must not only highlight the citys unique cultural heritage, but also feature new events that unite a range of cultural practices from across Europe. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Ive enjoyed my journey through some facts of European geography hope you did too! The Iron Curtain took on the physical shape of border defenses, walls, and limited diplomacy. Important Scandinavian companies focused on designed products include Electrolux, which makes home electronics, and Ikea and H&M, famous around the world for inexpensive but well-designed home furnishings and clothing, respectively. As a continent with hugely diverse topography, the geographical facts about Europe are going to be an interesting collection. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Europe's northernmost point is the Svalbard archipelago of Norway, and it reaches as far south as the islands of Greece and Malta.Europe is sometimes described as a peninsula of peninsulas. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. 12. It was a barbarian worldthat is, a non-Greek one, with its inhabitants making bar-bar noises in unintelligible tongues. Historically, Europe has been a center of immigration. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. 5. Continental shelvesformer land surfaces that have been covered by shallow seasare a feature of peninsular Europe, while the coasts themselves are both submerged or drowned, as in southwestern Ireland and northwestern Spain, and emergent, as in western Scotland and southern Wales, where raised former beaches are in evidence. Although this area remains heavily forested, the continent's forests were drastically reduced as a result of intense urbanization throughout human history. The political cartoons sought to engage in the debate surrounding Muslim extremism. La Boule measures 7.5 miles and is served by a lovely and ancient seaside town where many of the French elite have holiday homes. From the Greek perspective then, Europa was culturally backward and scantily settled. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. For discussion of major cities of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Rome, Warsaw, and London. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. Can you think of anything notable you think I should have included? Join this channel to get access to perks:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC43qCBEfmy-wouPmYlLSpIg/join#europe #India #gypsiesContact Us- info@themysticaland.. The 4,506 sq. Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom? To contact our editors please use our contact form. The financial crisis is defined by debt and high unemployment. At its largest, Rome controlled approximately 6.5 million square kilometers (2.5 million square miles) of land.The Roman approach to conquering and controlling territory is often considered to be the basis of Western imperialism. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). It is 1733 meters (5,686 feet) deep and is located near the Swiss and Italian borders, in the area of the Savoy Alps close to the village of Samoens. For discussion of individual countries of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Italy, Poland, and United Kingdom. It looks at mountains and valleys, as well as rivers and oceans. European Commission: European Capital of Culture. The biggest is Lake Ladoga, which covers just under 7,000 square miles and sits close to St. Petersburg. Fun Facts about Europe Europe is home to the smallest country in the world, the Holy See or the Vatican. The Netherlands is a country located in Northwestern Europe. The United States began to lead the Western world, while the Soviet Union, with its capital in the Eastern European city of Moscow, Russia, led the so-called Eastern Bloc. The European bison (Bison bonasus), the heaviest land animal on the continent, is one of the most threatened species.Beginning in the 20th century, many governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have worked to restore some of Europe's rich biodiversity. Il sito web di CORDIS prevede che JavaScript sia abilitato per funzionare correttamente. She or he will best know the preferred format. By the 7th and 8th centuries, Sweden was known for its trade but in the 9th century, the Vikings raided the region and much of Europe. Switzerland's small sizeits total area is about half that of Scotlandand its modest population give little indication of its international significance. Professor of Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs. 3. Some reindeer herds have a home range of up to 5,000 square kilometers (1,930 square miles). Still another scheme with many adherents locates the continental boundary along the Aras River and the Turkish border, thereby putting Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia in Europe. The western boundary is the Atlantic Ocean. By supporting this policy, the European Union hopes it will strengthen social, educational, professional, and economic ties in Europe and make the continent more competitive in global markets.Europes cultural products also help unify the region. Ireland is an island nation on the westernmost edge of Europe. 33 forms the majority of the population while 54 are ethnic minorities. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Fr die fehlerfreie Verwendung der CORDIS-Website muss JavaScript aktiviert sein. In the Pyrenees and the Sierra Nevada of Spain, the highest of the peaks exceed 11,000 feet (3,400 metres). Glaciers are found in a surprisingly large number of European countries, including Iceland, Norway, Spain, France, Switzerland, Austria and Germany. Norway has the longest coastline in Europe. Not only is it pretty huge (2.5 times the size of Mount Vesuvius, which so famously buried Pompeii), but it is also one of the most active volcanoes in the world. There is ongoing debate on where the geographical centre of Europe falls. By the end of the war, the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires collapsed and broke into a dozen separate nations. The ultimate fate of the European Space Agency's JUICE mission could drastically change should it succeed in discovering that Ganymede's ocean is both potentially habitable and accessible. The Kimmel Falls are the tallest in Europe and also 5th in the list of the worlds highest waterfalls. Note: Italy's capital, Rome, is the country's largest city if only the municipality (comune) is considered. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. All of the events must come together under a common theme or themes. Not only is Mount Etna the highest volcanic peak in Europe but it is still active. All in all, Europe enjoys a considerable and long-exploited resource base of soil, forest, sea, and minerals (notably coal), but its people are increasingly its principal resource. Critics argue the move was racist.Future IssuesAn important predictor of Europes political and economic future is its efforts to minimize the effects of climate change.Europe is often seen as a world leader in environmentally friendly technologies and legislation. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south (west to east) by the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Kuma-Manych Depression, and the Caspian Sea. National Geographic News: New Fault Found in EuropeMay 'Close Up' Adriatic Sea, National Geographic News: Volcanic Ash Stops Europe FlightsWhy Ash Is Dangerous, European Environment Agency: European Land Cover, National Geographic Education: Mapping EuropeLand Mammal Range. The Netherlands is bordered by Germany in the east; and Belgium in the south. Kazakhstan and Russia are in Asia. Yet the peninsular and insular western extremity of the continent, thrusting toward the North Atlantic Ocean, providesthanks to its latitude and its physical geographya relatively genial human habitat, and the long processes of human history came to mark off the region as the home of a distinctive civilization. They are very detailed and are often produced on large sheets of paper. The two largest peninsulas are mainland Europe and Scandinavia to the north, divided from each other by the Baltic Sea. Luxembourg is landlocked, separated from the North Sea by Belgium.. 3. Other European islands are much smaller. Trees also grow in that southernmost region, including the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis), cypress, and cork oak (Quercus suber). For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Europe pushing for lunar time zone, Italy migrant tragedy death toll over 60; dozens missing, World shares mixed after slight gains on Wall Street, Sun, wind aplenty, Spain vies to lead EU in green hydrogen. The central uplands and plateaus present distinctive landscapes of rounded summits, steep slopes, valleys, and depressions. Germany's largest wooded area,. The North European Plain extends across the country's northern reaches; this flat, lowland terrain is dissected by . Intense trade introduced many species, which often overtook native plants. Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula to the south of France and Andorra and to the east of Portugal. Iceland is usually included in Europe because it is over twice as close to mainland Europe as mainland North America. A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. As part of an international agreement signed at the conference, all 27 member states of the European Union agreed to reduce carbon emissions by 20 percent by 2020 (from 1990 levels).The EU also notified the UN of a conditional offer to increase this cut to 30 percent, provided that other major emitters agree to take on their fair share of a global reduction effort. This conditional offer illustrates the tension that was present at the conference between developed countries high carbon emissions and developing countries low or rising carbon use. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. The Holocaust was the mass murder of Jews under the Nazi regime. Iceland and the British Isles are special cases. These journeys varied in length, depending on the migration patterns of specific reindeer herds. That broad territory reveals no simple unity of geologic structure, landform, relief, or climate. The Balkan peninsula is separated from Asia by the Black and Aegean Seas. [3] [4] It is bordered to the north and northeast by Russia, to the . The temperature difference between summer and winter gradually increases from coastal northwest Europe to southeast inland Europe, ranging from Ireland, with a temperature difference of only 10C from the warmest to the coldest month, to the area north of the Caspian Sea, with a temperature difference of 40C. A study completed by the Berlin Institute for Population and Development found that Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, western Germany, Switzerland, Slovenia, Austria, and France have the best prospects of supporting vibrant and economically successful societies. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Veuillez activer JavaScript. El "cambio climtico" abarca el calentamiento global, pero se refiere a la gama ms amplia de cambios que le estn ocurriendo a nuestro planeta. Regional climatic contrasts nevertheless exist: oceanic, Mediterranean, and continental types occur widely, as do gradations from one to the other. Swiss-Italian is distinguishable from Italian.Romansch, an endangered language, is also derived from Latin. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Topography describes the physical features of an area of land. Przemek. Slavic-based civilization dominates much of the territory occupied by the former Soviet Union from the Baltic and Black seas to the Pacific Ocean. These features typically include natural formations such as mountains, rivers, lakes, and valleys. In fact, many developing nations argued that the Copenhagen Accord was drafted by a small group of powerful countries and unfairly disadvantages poorer countries, many of which are expected to suffer the worst effects of climate change.The ageing of Europes population is also expected to dramatically affect the continents social, political, and financial future. Read More: 25 Unbelievable Facts about North Korea that you must know. The biggest part of the United Kingdom (also called the U.K.) is the island of Great Britain, which is made up of England, Wales, and Scotland. The European Union has established the Schengen Areaa zone where Europeans can travel from country to country without having to show their passports. This includes Morriscastle and Ballinesker beaches. The principal articles discussing the historical and cultural development of the continent include history of Europe; European exploration; Western colonialism; Aegean civilizations; ancient Greek civilization; ancient Rome; Byzantine Empire; and Holy Roman Empire. The southern regions are mountainous while moving north the terrain descends from the high Alps, Pyrenees, and Carpathians, through hilly uplands, into broad, low northern plains, which are vast in the east. Manmade features such as roads, dams, and cities may also be included. Europe is the second-smallest continent. The volcanoes of Lemnos, an island in the Mediterranean, and Mount Etna, on the island of Sicily, were believed to be the forges of Hephaestus, the Greek god of fire. Most extensive between the Baltic and White seas in the north and the Black, Azov, and Caspian seas in the south, the lowland area narrows westward, lying to the south of the northwestern highlands; it is divided also by the English Channel and the mountains and plateaus of central Europe. The greater part of Europe, however, combines low elevation with low relief. Physical features, weather-related phenomena, and local resources had a deep impact on how historic European cultures prospered, interacted, and believed their world worked.The geography and climate of the Mediterranean region, for example, directly influenced Greek mythology. Only North Korea has such high literacy rates as Ukraine. The overall population of Europe is set to drop from roughly 590 million to 542 million by 2050. A small troop of Barbary macaques lives on the tiny island of Gibraltar, between Spain and the African country of Morocco.The waters surrounding Europe are home to a number of organisms, including fish, seaweeds, marine mammals, and crustaceans. A growing percentage of people in urban areas are employed in a wide range of service activities, which have come to dominate the economies of most countries. Europe's most significant geological feature is the dichotomy between the highlands and mountains of Southern Europe and a vast, partially underwater, northern plain ranging from Great Britain in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east. The creation of the European Economic Community in 1957 and the EU in 1993 greatly enhanced economic cooperation between many of the continents countries. The northern lowlands are areas of glacial deposition, and, accordingly, their surface is diversified by such features as the Valdai Hills of western Russia; by deposits of boulder clay, sands, and gravels; by glacial lakes; and by the Pripet Marshes, a large ill-drained area of Belarus and Ukraine. Roma are a people and culture native to central and eastern Europe. Europe's shape is in a constant change: The Mediterranean basin is shrinking, the Alps are rising and pushing North, and Scandinavia is still rebounding after having been crushed by the weight of a thick and huge ice sheet in the ice ages. Even though the country borders have been redrawn since the Soviet days, the continental borders never have. The Volga River in Russia. Europe has a diversity of terrains, physical features, and climates. Around 10% of the world's population lives in Europe. Some of these facts about Europe are newer than others. The tallest mountain in Europe is Mount Elbrus in Russia. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. The continent also comprises numerous islands, somenotably the Faroes and Icelandlocated at a distance from the mainland. Europes eastern boundary, however, is not a cultural, political, or economic discontinuity on the land comparable, for example, to the insulating significance of the Himalayas, which clearly mark a northern limit to South Asian civilization. This map shows the physical features of Europe, surrounding lands, and offshore areas. Nonetheless, in manufacturing and agriculture Europe still occupies an eminent, if no longer necessarily predominant, position. Holland is a nation of cyclists. The five most spoken native languages in Europe are Russian, German, French English, Turkish and Italian. All rights reserved. The ancient, often mineral-laden rocks of the northwestern highlands, their contours softened by prolonged erosion and glaciation, are found throughout much of Iceland, in Ireland, and in northern and western Britain and Scandinavia. Key Facts. The North European Plain, common to much of Poland, northern Germany, and Denmark, broadens in western France and continues, across the narrow seas, in southeastern Great Britain and Ireland. In fact, the tallest mountain in Europe is in Kazakhstan and is called Khan Tengri, standing 22,999 feet high, some 4,500 feet higher than the next tallest, Mount Elbrus in Russia. 4. A landlocked country of towering mountains, deep Alpine lakes, grassy valleys dotted with . The population within the standard physical geographical boundaries was 701 million in 2005 according to the United Nations. The Apennines, Dinaric Alps, and Balkan Mountains, as well as the arc-shaped Carpathian Mountains and their southern portion, the Transylvanian Alps, also exhibit high elevations. Kazakhstan. Por favor, active JavaScript. Some of these concepts include the idea of an elected Senate and the stationing of military troops outside a countrys home region.World War I and World War II dramatically affected the political geography of Europe. Rocks of all geologic periods are exposed, and the operation of geologic forces during an immense succession of eras has contributed to the molding of the landscapes of mountain, plateau, and lowland and has bequeathed a variety of mineral reserves. Longest beach The longest beach in Ireland is a continuous 20km stretch of sand in County Wexford connecting Cahore Point to The Raven Point. Geography of Europe Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. The United States and the Soviet Union built up huge nuclear arsenals, with many missiles aimed at targets throughout Europe. Indeed, Turkey has sought membership in the European Union (EU), and the Republic of Cyprus joined the organization in 2004. 5. geography of Scandinavia facts. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Lesotho (landlocked within South Africa), is the only other country in the world surrounded entirely by another country. Thrace is the western part of Turkey on the European continent.. The program highlights Europes rich cultural diversity, celebrates its cultural ties, and brings people of different European backgrounds together. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. From the smallest town in the world to the biggest church on earth, and from a knighted penguin to a country free of mosquitoes, there are hundreds of random and fun facts about Europe. The EU works to create a unified structure for social, environmental, military, and economic policies of its member states.Today, the European Union is composed of 27 member states, with new members mainly coming from central and eastern Europe. Related topics are discussed in such articles as those on religion (e.g., Judaism and Roman Catholicism) and literature (e.g., Greek literature; Dutch literature; and Spanish literature). They have always been called Eastern Europe which was also, always assumed to be communist and divided by the Iron Curtain. CORDIS website requires JavaScript enabled in order to work properly. Europes continuing economic achievements are evidenced by its high standard of living and its successes in science, technology, and the arts. Topography is the study of the Earth's surface. Today, this cultural wealth is used to solidify the European Community and is exported to the rest of the world as one of the continents greatest global assets.Historic CulturesIndigenous cultures shaped, and were shaped by, the varied geography of Europe. Europe also supports high densities of population, concentrated in urban-industrial regions. Economically, Russia and former Soviet states are not part of what we think of as Europe these days, because they are not part of the European Union. Population growth is comparatively slow, and median age comparatively high in relation to the world's other continents. The proportion of people older than 65 will grow from 16 percent to 28 percent. On February 17, 2008, the province of Kosovo declared independence from Serbia and became Europe's youngest country. It runs for 2,294 miles through central Russia. The highest summit in Iceland is Hvannadals Peak, at 6,952 feet (2,119 metres), while Ben Nevis, the highest peak in Great Britain, stands at an elevation of only 4,406 feet (1,343 metres). You cannot download interactives. Topographic maps (often called topo maps for short) are large scale maps, often greater than 1:50,000, which means that one inch on the map equals 50,000 inches on the ground. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europe's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Europe can be divided into four major physical regions, running from north to south: Western Uplands, North European Plain, Central Uplands, and Alpine Mountains.Western UplandsThe Western Uplands, also known as the Northern Highlands, curve up the western edge of Europe and define the physical landscape of Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), Finland, Iceland, Scotland, Ireland, the Brittany region of France, Spain, and Portugal.The Western Uplands is defined by hard, ancient rock that was shaped by glaciation. The northern plains are delimited in the west by the Scandinavian mountains and the mountainous parts of the British Isles. I think the same issue applies to Turkey, which unlike Russia sees itself as belonging more to Europe than Asia, politically and economically. Indented by numerous bays, fjords, and seas, continental Europes highly irregular coastline is about 24,000 miles (38,000 km) long. The 15 rivers of Europe by average discharge, including only rivers directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins: Aegean Islands, land, Balearic Islands, Corsica, Crete, Cyprus (Adjacent to Asia), Fyn, Faroe Islands, Gotland, Great Britain, Hinnya, Iceland, Ionian Islands, Ireland, Malta, North Jutlandic Island, Saaremaa, Sardinia, Senja, Sicily, Svalbard and Zealand. 4. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. Fewer than a million people are fluent in Romansch. Author of. Eastern Europe is everything east of Germany, Austria, and Italy. The Kimmel Falls are in Hohe Tauen National Park and are one of Austrias most visited tourist attractions. Milan is also home to important European fashion magazines, such as Grazia, Vogue Italia, and Vera.German automotive design has a global reputation for excellence and prestige. The Louvre is the most visited attraction in Europe The only primate native to Europe, the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus), inhabits this Mediterranean basin. Corrections? In the face of an economic crisis, EU citizens of poorer member countries, such as the Roma of Bulgaria and Romania, often migrate to more developed EU countries in search of work. The consensus is, however, that the largest glacier in Europe is the Vatnajokull glacier in Iceland. [2] A prehistoric perspective would include Britain and Ireland as the core of a further very significant European peninsula prior to the post-glacial rise in sea-levels.[3]. In this case, the region of Western Europe includes the regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, Central Europe, and the British Isles. Those are coastal and interior lowlands, central uplands and plateaus, the northwestern highlands, and southern Europe. The continent, excluding Russia, contains less than one-tenth of the total population of the world, but in general its people are well educated and highly skilled. Ireland: geography and landscape. Here are 21 things about this amazing continent that may just surprise you. Editor of, Professor of Geography, Birkbeck College, University of London, 194770. These physical features allowed for early communication, travel, and agricultural development. Because of their remoteness, however, all these regions have distinct dialects that differ slightly from their parent language. Topography Facts - Earth Science. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Understanding Europe's Topography. About 18% of all Europeans consider themselves as atheist or not religious. Above all, in southern EuropeAustria and Switzerland includedlevel, low-lying land is scarce, and mountain, plateau, and hill landforms dominate. This is to be found at Le Baule-Escoublac, on the southern coast of Brittany. The Sami followed and cared for these herds during their grazing cycle. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Associated vegetation and soil forms also show continual variety, but only portions of the dominant woodland that clothed most of the continent when humans first appeared now remain. Ancient Greeks believed it was the home of the gods. The major peninsula of Scandinavia is mostly upland and highland, with its relief greatest at the descent to the Norwegian fjords and the sea; eastward and southward the seas are approached more gently. 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