Lee Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions at the State Level, through 2018, Monthly Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production, Annual Solar Photovoltaic Module Shipments Report, Midwest and Rocky Mountain Transportation Fuels Markets, East Coast and Gulf Coast Transportation Fuels Markets. PTD was defined as a birth that occurred before 37 but at or after 32 weeks of gestation. Park These data are based on the US Environmental Protection Agency's Hierarchical Bayesian Prediction Model output (25). Second, we use PM2.5 as a surrogate for pollution from power plants to determine 1) the level of pollution exposure during pregnancy for women living close to power plants and 2) whether the amount of pollution depends on fuel type. Romieu Given that power plants are major sources of particulate matter, the present results are consistent with those of our recent study, which found that prenatal PM2.5 exposure was positively associated with LBW, PTD, and VPTD (23). Updated March 27, 2012. Because of the use of proximity and the unavailability of specific pollutant data from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Hierarchical Bayesian Prediction Model, we were unable to disentangle the specific pollutant. Msg & data rates may apply. If something happens to go wrong at a nuclear reactor, anyone living in a 10-mile radius of the plant may Many fossil fuel-fired power plants (especially coal-fired power plants) have announced plans to retire, based on data collected by the Energy Information Administration (EIA). The sample prevalence was 2.4% for term LBW, 8.2% for PTD, and 1.5% for VPTD. Some of the highest-polluting natural gas power plants emit over 100 tons of NOx per year, which is roughly equivalent to the NOx emissions from traveling 11 million et al. Lee et al. Finally, the Hierarchical Bayesian Prediction Model data that we used to describe PM2.5 exposures were available at only 12 12 km resolution. However, studies on residential mobility and its effects on air pollution assessment suggest a very low degree of misclassification (42, 43). Additionally, emissions of SO2 and NOXcontribute to the formation of ozone, or smog, and fine particle pollution. Graphs below summarize the key demographics ofcommunities within three miles ofpower plants. An official website of the United States government. Testing RFID blocking cards: Do they work? Oudin Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; LBW, low birth weight; OR, odds ratio; PM2.5, particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter; PTD, preterm delivery; SD, standard deviation; VPTD, very preterm delivery. Proximity to any power plant appeared to increase the odds of all adverse birth outcomes for both continuous and categorical exposure in the unadjusted model. On the other hand, the process of getting natural gas from where it's mined to the power plants leads to considerable release of methane Y Pope Lanki A recent study by the Union of Concerned Scientists found that natural gas power plants in California will start and stop much more frequently in the future, and this increase in natural gas plant start-ups may increase NOx emissions. Western States Energy Manager/Senior Analyst. et al. We are a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Bronson Sign up for email subcriptions to receive messages about specific EIA products. These Experts Are Racing to Protect AI From Hackers. For example, the fact that our study showed an increased proportion of females among the term LBW group and a decreased proportion of females among the PTD and VPTD groups confirmed previous findings. Natural Resources Defense Council 2023 Privacy Policy However, the distance from the line is crucial in determining the damage it causes. Sales, revenue and prices, power plants, fuel use, stocks, generation, trade, demand & emissions. Greenhouse gas data, voluntary reporting, electric power plant emissions. We were unable to perform analyses for more refined proximity categories because of low sample size for certain cells. But HUD goes further and states that "Operating and abandoned oil and gas wells pose potentialhazards to housing, including potential fire, explosion,spray and other pollution.No existing dwelling may be located closer than 300 feet from an active or planned drilling site. Biodiesel, renewable diesel, and other biofuels, U.S. SC Abbreviations: LBW, low birth weight; PTD, preterm delivery; SD, standard deviation; VPTD, very preterm delivery. Wellhead natural gas may contain contaminants and hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGLs) that must be removed before the natural gas can be safely transported through high-pressure, long-distance pipelines to consumers. The following are the required setbacks to minimize exposure at different distances: 100 feet for 50 to 133kV transmission line 150 feet for 220 to 230kV transmission line 350 feet for 500 to 550kV transmission line ML If you would like to learn more about these key demographicsor further explore relationships between power plants and environmental justice, investigate EPA's EJSCREEN. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS S Exploration and reserves, storage, imports and exports, production, prices, sales. However, we have no reason to believe that this lack of adjustment results in differential misclassification. Some places in the country, however, still have setbacks for homes that are less then 300 feet. F Yli-Tuomi Characteristics and risk factors for adverse birth outcomes in pregnant black adolescents, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Factors associated with negative birth outcomes: findings from a birth cohort study, A case study of the relative effects of power plant nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emission reductions on atmospheric nitrogen deposition, Residential mobility during pregnancy and the potential for ambient air pollution exposure misclassification, Impact of residential mobility on exposure assessment in longitudinal air pollution studies: a sensitivity analysis within the ESCAPE Project. We also compared the odds for different buffer sizes of <5, 59.9, 1019.9, and 20 km from a power plant. But coal is just about the dirtiest way to produce electricity, so almost anything will seem cleaner in comparison. Monthly and yearly energy forecasts, analysis of energy topics, financial analysis, congressional reports. In conclusion, our study found evidence of increased odds of adverse birth outcomes among women who lived closer to power plants. Furthermore, our data also showed that proximity to coal and solid waste plants was also correlated to higher PM2.5 emission, which is known to increase the odds of adverse birth outcomes (10). After examining other proximity cutpoints, we chose these categories because they showed the best discrimination in the unadjusted analyses. Spengler We wish to thank the Florida Department of Health for supplying the data. Results were consistent when exposure was categorized by number of power plants. Brook Natural gas transmission pipelines are wide-diameter pipelines and are often the long-distance portion of natural gas pipeline systems that connect gathering systems in producing areas, natural gas processing plants, and other receipt points to the main consumer service areas. As close as you want, just not very close to the plant. The power company owns that land, they dont want people there for security reasons. The graph below compares the key demographics ofcommunities near power plants to national averages. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. RJ Graham Exposures to levels of particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter (PM2.5) stratified by power plant type in Florida from 2003 to 2005. Fetal sex and preterm birth: Are males at greater risk? Some power plants also This work was supported by grant K01ES019177 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (X.X.) Four people died last year during a gas blow at a ConAgra Slim Jim factory in North Carolina. The main pollutants resulting from natural gas electricity generation are nitrogen oxides, or NOx. Simpson Natural gas delivery infrastructure has three categories: Natural gas transported on the mainline natural gas transportation (pipeline) system in the United States must meet specific quality measures so that the pipeline network (or grid) provides uniform-quality natural gas. Moreover, there is recent evidence suggesting that harmful emissions from power plants may be increasing (16). Reports requested by congress or otherwise deemed important. Wiesel Some places in the country, however, still have setbacks for homes that are less then 300 feet. These keydemographicsand information about nearby power plants may help identify a community's potential vulnerability to environmental concerns. Many plants meet or exceed this threshold for more than one key demographic and are included in the counts of more than one demographic. Therefore, this discrepancy is likely to bias our results toward the null. Anenberg JD A While a natural gas-fired power plant emits only about half the carbon dioxide as a coal plant, thats still far from zero. The source population was all livebirths recorded by the Florida Department of Health, Office of Vital Statistics (Florida Vital Records), from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2005 (n = 445,028). L Those NOx emissions may linger in nearby communities, leading to serious health problems for the people living near plants. Populations found to be particularly vulnerable to environmental pollution include the poor, the elderly, the very young, those already in poor health, and/or indigenous populations. This practice, although JM Peng A Natural gas is a relatively clean burning fossil fuel. M This practice, although common, is inherently unsafe. J We chose first trimester because 1) first trimester exposure to PM2.5 has a strong association with adverse birth outcomes (26), and 2) it ensures that the time over which PM2.5 is averaged is similar for cases and controls. The lack of consistent associations between nuclear plants and adverse birth outcomes is consistent with results from several previous studies, which showed no association between distance to nuclear power plants and adverse birth outcomes (1719, 34). For example, you could filter the data to only display the largest emitting coal-fired plants with neighboring communities above the 80th percentile nationally of low-income population. WebThis is so because the stack is usually several 100s meters tall, so that pollutants in flue gas are dispersed in the atmosphere and only have an influence at distances in the range of Underground Natural Gas Storage by Storage Type, The Basics of Underground Natural Gas Storage, Natural Gas Processing: The Crucial Link Between Natural Gas Production and Its Transportation to Market. The association between adverse birth outcomes and total number of power plants within 20 km was determined. Roth These mortality estimates were significantly higher for the older population. Because pollution can travel over long distances from a power plant, the impacts of both potential increases and decreases in power plant emissions can be felt many miles away, meaning that the air quality in a community can be due to far-distant sources as well as those sited within a community. Chang Do not touch the fence because it might be electrified, and the guards might mistake you for an anti-nuclear activist trying to break in. Apart fr Tags: Chen Rajagopalan We also categorized the proximity to power This study found that women with residential proximity to coal and solid waste plants were exposed to the highest concentrations of PM2.5 during the first trimester, and those closest to nuclear plants were exposed to the lowest concentrations. Please click here to see any active alerts. Fann Lets make sure we bring everyone along in the transition to clean electricity. Lamson In the graph below, the low-income(verticalaxis) and the people of color(horizontal axis) are plotted for the communitiesaround each U.S. fossil fuel-fired power plant. McMillan Accessed December 6, 2014, US Power Plant Global Warming Emissions Rising in 2013 AfterYears of Decline, Birth defects in the vicinity of nuclear power plants in Germany, Congenital anomalies, prematurity, and low birth weight rates in relation to nuclear power plant proximity, Pregnancy outcome of women in the vicinity of nuclear power plants in Taiwan, Increased risk of preterm delivery in women residing near thermal power plants in Taiwan, Using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model to estimate public health impacts of PM, Maternal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) and pregnancy outcomes: a meta-analysis, The effects of air pollution on adverse birth outcomes, Fuel sources and carbon dioxide emissions by electric power plants in the United States, Published March 2009. Chang G Seigneur Do you need one? Delivering natural gas from natural gas and oil wells to consumers requires many infrastructure assets and processing steps and several physical transfers of custody. Natural gas processing can be complex and usually involves several steps to remove oil, water, HGLS, and other impurities such as sulfur, helium, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide. Bremner A three-mile radius isconsistent with environmental justice literature and studies, including theEJ Screening Reportfor the Clean Power Plan. EH Lets make sure that does not happen. Full understanding of safety distances is typically only achieved when it is too late to implement without significant changes. Safer practices might involve combustion devises - such as flares - to consume the flammable gas or vapor. JK Some towns in Texas have setbacks of up to 1,000 feet from a home, fresh water well, school, hospital or public park. The study also found that women living near 1 or more power plants located within a 20 km radius from their residence had higher odds of adverse birth outcomes. Risk of Nuclear Accident -- Should anything happen to the power plant -- such as in a flood, a fire, an earthquake, or a terrorist attack -- homes within 10 miles of the power plant will be in direct danger. When stratified by fuel type, coal had the strongest association with all adverse birth outcomes. Crude oil, gasoline, heating oil, diesel, propane, and other liquids including biofuels and natural gas liquids. In Scheme 1, the syngas that results from coal gasification was divided into two parts; one part went to the The photo to the right shows gas venting out of an open pipe shortly before the explosion on February 7th. To describe prenatal exposures to PM2.5, we estimated average daily residential exposures to PM2.5 during pregnancy for each birth using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network. When considering whether a property is eligible for an FHA-insured loan, HUD requires that "a site be rejected if the property being appraised is subject to hazards, environmental contaminants, noxious odors, offensive sights or excessive noises to the point of endangering the physical improvements or affecting the livability of the property, its marketability or the health and safety of its occupants." Coal was strongly associated with all adverse birth outcomes (Table4). The impacts of power plant emissions are not limited to the areas near power plants. Moshammer Figure1 shows a map of the spatial distribution of active power plants and the average annual PM2.5 concentrations in Florida during 20032005. This is especially true because the by-products of coal plants also include toxic components including sulfur dioxide and nitric oxides, all of which are also associated with negative health outcomes (32). All active power plants during the study period and eligible births were geocoded and mapped using ArcGIS V10.1 (ESRI, Redlands, California). . D The following sections are presented below: There are over 3,400 fossil fuel-fired power plants in the United States. The impurities in wellhead natural gas determine the number of stages and the processes required to produce pipeline-quality, dry natural gas. The results remained consistent when exposure was categorized (Table3). Prenatal exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter for women living near different types of power plants was also determined by using National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network data. Bremner The American Lung Association has estimated that pollution specifically from power plants is responsible for approximately 13,000 excess deaths annually in the United States (14). LT D Stolz et al. Furthermore, among the case groups, the percentages of women who had lower education, were black, lived in neighborhoods with lower income, were unmarried, had no prenatal care, smoked, or drank alcohol during pregnancy were higher compared with those in the control group (Table1). Burning fossil fuels to produce electricity creates emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), particulate matter (PM), carbon dioxide (CO2),mercury (Hg) and other hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), and other pollutants. Director of Energy Research & Analysis, Guillermo Pereira Hu ommunities with a people of color percentage greater than the national average and a low-income percentage less than the national average. To describe exposures to PM2.5 during pregnancy and throughout the study period according to nearest power plants, we used scatterplots with locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) functions (smooth = 0.5) to display averaged daily concentrations during the first trimester (y-axis) by date of delivery (x-axis), as well as daily concentrations (y-axis) by date during the study period (x-axis). Czeizel The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is home to the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). U.S. Chemical Safety Board Lead Investigator Don Holmstrom said in a statement last week: We strongly caution natural gas power plants and other industries against the venting of high-pressure natural gas in or near work sites. we equip you to harness the power of disruptive innovation, at work and at home. JI This association remained consistent in our analyses for total number of power plants within a 20 km radius and stratified analyses for different types of power plants. Sandie Ha, Hui Hu, Jeffrey Roth, Haidong Kan, Xiaohui Xu, Associations Between Residential Proximity to Power Plants and Adverse Birth Outcomes, American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 182, Issue 3, 1 August 2015, Pages 215224, https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwv042. The interactive map below shows recent and expected coal, natural gas, oil, and other combustion power plant retirements. In fact, the rise of natural gas to become the leading U.S. fuel for generating electricity has lowered CO 2 emissions to their lowest levels in a generation. Williams RE: How far away should you live from a power plant? From a coal-fired power plant I would want to be at least ten miles upwind and nowhere near th Holstrom compared the gas volume to filling a pro-basketball stadium, from floor to ceiling, with explosive gas. Strmgren The graph below displays the number of plants located in or near communities which meet or exceed the 80thpercentile nationally for each key demographic. Fig. Bell After adjustment for potential confounders, living closer to any power plant increased the odds of all adverse birth outcomes compared with living farther away. Such information would be valuable in public health efforts to reduce adverse birth outcomes. Albaladejo At this point you might be wondering, So how bad is it? Furthermore, we were not able to account for pollutants from other sources such as traffic and industrial emission. R 4.5 shows the two schemes considered by the authors. Electric power sector power plants that burned fossil fuels or materials made from fossil fuels, and some geothermal power plants, were the source of about 32% of total U.S. energy-related CO 2 emissions in 2021.. International energy information, including overviews, rankings, data, and analyses. Tools to customize searches, view specific data sets, study detailed documentation, and access time-series data. Midwest Senior Policy Manager. The failure of a single dam on the Ru River in China caused an estimated 171,000 deaths. HL Though UCSs legislative effort did not succeed this year, UCS is committed to finding solutions that allow us to transition away from natural gas in a way that is not only economical, but also equitable. Researchers from this study found no evidence of risk of childhood cancer for families living 164 feet or more from power lines. EPA is committed to Environmental Justice (EJ) - the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people. Distance from the nearest power plants was measured in kilometers. After an examination into the Kleen Energy explosion that killed six workers last month, a U.S. Chemical Safety Board investigator expresses concerns over one of the industry's standard practices. J Furthermore, when studying a proposed natural gas power plant, a California Energy Commission analysis found that local one-hour concentrations of NO2 (one form of NOx) would nearly double from their background levels. JJ AE In his role, he leads research and advocacy efforts in California and other Western states to advance the transition to a less polluting and less carbon-intensive energy system. et al. For example, in Ohio the setback from a home is 100 feet from a well - C Florida has relatively high power plant emissions (16, 24) that provide a unique opportunity to investigate the potential association between power plant emissions and adverse birth outcomes. They included mother's age (continuous), maternal education (less than high school, high school graduate and/or some college, college graduate, graduate school), maternal race (white, black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and others), and marital status (married, unmarried). 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And access time-series data perform analyses for more refined proximity categories because they showed the best discrimination in transition... The unadjusted analyses webdistance from the nearest power plants was measured in kilometers expected,! With Environmental justice literature and studies, including theEJ Screening Reportfor the clean power.... Tools to customize searches, view specific data sets, study detailed documentation, and access data! How bad is it power lines to perform analyses for more than one demographic Health problems for the older.. Of risk of childhood cancer for families living 164 feet or more from power also., stocks, generation, trade, demand & emissions might be,! Estimated 171,000 deaths 37 but at or after 32 weeks of gestation theEJ Screening the. Demographics ofcommunities within three miles ofpower plants revenue and prices, sales K01ES019177 from the power... 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