Prof.P.Jagadeesan, former Vice Chancellor and Vice President of DHRC spoke on Why was Justice Party formed?. In 1914 a new Secretary ship to Government was created, and a Brahmin official was forthwith appointed to it, The Indian Secretary to the Board of Revenue is a Brahmin; and of the two Collectorships open to the members of the Provincial Civil Service, that, which has fallen to the share of the communities other than the Muhamnadan, has nearly always gone to a Brahmin official. Besant's association with Brahmins and her vision of a homogeneous India based on Brahminical values brought her into direct conflict with Justice. At the time, it served as a political rallying cry for the communist movement in Europe. Next to the felicitation session seminar on What did Justice Party achieve? was held. Periyar felt happy in the elevation of people like me, who hail from the most backward community. 1 0 obj The manifesto became an important document that would shape the rise of Dravidian movement later. In defence of all this practical monopoly of political power and high government appointments which make for that power, it is pointed out that though the Brahmins are only a small fraction of the population of this presidency, they are far ahead of other communities in regard to university qualification. Their political interests, therefore, (as compared with those of the Brahmins who number only about a million and a half), have materially suffered. Side by side with the starting of associations for the advancement of the education of the non-Brahmin classes, must also be maintained social and political organisations, and where they are needed, well conducted newspapers of their own, both in the vernaculars and in English, to push forward their claims, By their attitude of silence and inaction they have failed to make their voices heard and others more astute than they have used them for their own ends, with the result that there is a great deal of discontent among the non-Brahmins about their present lot as compared with that of their Brahmin fellow countrymen, of which, perhaps, the Government is not fully aware, the discontent is growing every day, and the attention of the Government will be drawn to it. H\@>E-QoI7d1?Lfh%#LTY''V>VnwKOCs;u};pIkrm.q~e\#=mmKgrk)}%ton9FsFfhu09$*kW}c OzJ#^TY*_- In the early days of the Indian National Congress, when that movement was directed and controlled on the spot by such sagacious and thoughtful men as the late Messrs. A.O. Self Respectful S.Arivukkarasu, Presidium Chairman of Dravidar Kazhagam spoke on Leaders of Justice Party and their contributions. In a well-thought out manifesto issued under his signature as the Secretary of the Sounth Indian Peoples' Association, the aim of the Non-Brahmin Movemnet was clearly set forth and their attitude towards the political movements of the day lucidly explained. startxref The time has come when an attempt should be made to define the attitude of the several important non-Brahmin Indian communities in this presidency towards what is called The Indian Home Rule Movement," and also to indicate certain facts with respect to their present political position. But we cannot help calling attention to the highest appointments open to the Indian in this presidency and the principle upon which they are distributed. Reservation is the core strategic approach adopted by the Dravidian Movement to ensure the proper dispensation of Social Justice to the enslaved masses. Advertisement Remove all ads. 0000008178 00000 n 0000032238 00000 n Surely, in these services the preponderance of Brahmins would be still more striking. I have met Thanthai Periyar many times to seek his blessings. It narrated certain facts with respect to the position of these communities . Some of the old ideals are still there. At a Conference held in Madras or, the 20th November 1916 and attended by several non-Brahmin gentlemen of position and influence both in Madras and in the mofussil, it was resolved that measures be taken to start a company for publishing a newspaper advocating the cause of the non-Brahmin community, and also that apolitical association be formed to advance, safe-guard and protect the interests of the same community, In accordance with this a Joint Stock Company has been started under the name of "South Indian People's Association" for conducting a daily newspaper in English, Tamil and Telugu, respectively, and also a Political Association has been formed under the name of The South Indian Liberal Federation.". During 1919-20, the Joint Select Committee held hearings to finalise the Government of India Bill 1919, . The manifesto articulated the voice of the non-Brahmin communities. A non-Brahmin manifesto was issued by the then member of the legislative council P Kesava Pillai. It is our firm conviction that in India, for some time to come at any rate, every community has primarily to put its own house in order, so that, when it has to co-operate with other communities, possibly with higher social pretentions, it may do so, not as a dependent and helpless unit to be made a figure head or cats-paw of, but as a self-respecting and highly developed social organitsation, offering its willing co-operation for the promotion of common objects on terms of perfect equality. We do not deny that in these days of fierce intellectual competition the skill to pass examinations is a valuable personal possession. We are not aware that neither before 1907, when a sort of election of a few Fellows by graduates of a certain number of years standing was allowed, nor since 1914, when the statement referred to was made in the Legislative Council, the graduates of the Madras University, of whom the majority have always been Brahmins, elected a non-Brahmin, as a Fellow of the University. <>>> The Dravidian movement is popularly characterised as the south Indian, non-Brahmin revolt against the . Its core claims appear to remain unaffected, despite the major shifts that occurred in the theorizing of Indian culture and in the study of religion. After the triumphant conclusion of the war, the Indian Constitution will doubtless come before the British statesmen and British Parliament for revision, India has earned the right to demand that the basis of her constitution should be broadened and deepened, that her sons representing every class, caste and community, according to their acknowledged. Textbook Solutions 8442. endobj South Indian Liberal Federation (Justice Party) On 20 November 1916 around 30 prominent non-Brahmin leaders including Dr. C. Natesanar, Sir Pitti Theyagarayar, T.M. 0000004158 00000 n 0000010027 00000 n Similar results were produced by the competitive examination for the Accounts Departments. For, while it was true that the term non-Brahmin had been used occasionally since the late nineteenth century in the Madras Presidency, a manifesto a declarative modern form of announcing a political intent in the name of the non-Brahmin symbolized desires of a different order altogether. Dr.A.Padmanabhan, former Governor of Mizoram State was felicitated in absentia. were introduced, the Brabmins whom he characterised as "a The Justice Party, officially the South Indian Liberal Federation, was a political party in the Madras Presidency of British India.It was established in 1916 by T. M. Nair and P. Theagaraya Chetty as a result of a series of non-Brahmin conferences and meetings in the presidency. In the manifesto, the Dravidian concept was anti-Brahmin specific because the patrons of the movement, the British imperialist rulers, had wanted it that way." The cause of revolt against Brahmin . At a Conference held in Madras or, the 20th November 1916 and attended by several non-Brahmin gentlemen of position and influence both in Madras and in the mofussil, it was resolved that measures be taken to start a company for publishing a newspaper advocating the cause of the non-Brahmin community, and also that apolitical association be formed to advance, safe-guard and protect the . As part of the yearlong celebrations of the Justice Party, the centenary commencement of Proclamation of Non-brahmin Manifesto (20th December 1916) was celebrated on 20th December 2015 at Periyar Thidal, Chennai. He is reported to have stated that in the competitive examinations for the Provincial Civil Service, which were held between 1892 and 1904, out of sixteen successful Candidates fifteen were Brahmins, giving a ratio of 95 percent of Brahmin success. Hume, W.C. Bonnerjee, Budruddin Tayabji, S. Ramaswami Mudaliar, Rangiah Naidu, Rao Bahadur Sabhapathi Mudaliar and Sir Sankaran Nair, enlightened non-Brahmins all over the presidency gave it their hearty and loyal support. Sir Pitti Theagaraya Chetty KCSI (27 April 1852 - 28 April 1925) was an Indian lawyer, industrialist and a prominent political leader from the erstwhile Madras province. <<6BE70B7CEC506247B4926AC4E1350D6F>]/Prev 71258>> Hume, W.C. Bonnerjee, Budruddin Tayabji, S. Ramaswami Mudaliar, Rangiah Naidu, Rao Bahadur Sabhapathi Mudaliar and Sir Sankaran Nair, enlightened non-Brahmins all over the presidency gave it their hearty and loyal support. Origin of Non-Brahmin Movement:-Cause:-In the Madras presidency due to the rapid growth of education, there was an increase in the number of educated Non-Brahmins.Reason:-Intense political and social activities politicized the educated Non-Brahmins to raise the issue of caste discrimination and unequal opportunities in Government employment and representation in the elected bodies which were . 1-7. But the spirit in which, the method by which, and the persons by whom, it is at present worked cannot, all of them, commend themselves to the thinking and self-respecting section of the non-Brahmin public of this presidency, The social reactionary and the impatient political idealists, who seldom has his foot on solid earth, have now taken almost complete possession of the Congress. Examine the origin and growth of Non-Brahmin Movement in Tamil Nadu. On 1919 January 1, the title Dewan Bahadur was awarded to him Thus, Montagu-Chelmsford Report, issued on 2 July 1918, denied the request. 0000031561 00000 n 2 0 obj Periyar was the embodiment of these three qualities and I derived inspiration from him to become successful both in personal life and career. Reason: They are not 'Malayala Brahmins'. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. <> So that the non-Brahmin, however distinguished, has little or no chance of getting into the Senate of the Madras University through what is called the open door of election, In the election to the Imperial and local Legislative Councils and to municipal bodies one finds the same truth illustrated so far as these elections could be controlled by the rigidly exclusive caste. 11. Periyar Footprints Of The Original 'Anti . Non-Brahmin manifesto. In that way I feel myself as part and parcel of the Dravidian Movement. She characterised the manifesto as "mischievous and unpatriotic" and claimed it had been authored by . In the Mysore State, where open competitive examinations for the Mysore Civil Service were held during the preceding 20 years, Brahmins secured 85 percent of the vacancies, In the competition for the appointment of Assistant Engineers in Madras, the number of successful candidates, during the same period, was; 17 Brahmins and four non-Brahmins. We are deeply devoted and loyally attached to British rule, for that rule, in spite of its many short-comings and occasional aberrations, is, in the main, just and sympathetic, We, indeed, hope that our rulers will, as their knowledge of the country expands, be more readily responsive to public feeling, when, of course, that feeling is clearly manifest and decidedly unambiguous, and that before they take any action they will examine the interests and wishes of each caste, class and community with more anxious care than heretofore and in a less conventional manner, When the spirit of social exclusiveness and the rigidity of class and caste begin to disappear, the progress towards self-government will unquestionably be more satisfactory, but, for the present, the practical politician has to concern himself with what lies immediately in front of him. It gives me great satisfaction for having remained dutiful to Periyar and his ideology. 0000013093 00000 n 0000000016 00000 n mJ 6umh#-a{4ZTf`=8MYB"UT:80ItMs?L.x9R"p.$5JrV+[c"}7a}]-;uV0Y?\1e6WYxor5_K@g1[m. Natesa Mudaliar realised that if these two leaders could be brought together it would give the Non-Brahmin movement a fast forward push. We do not deny that in these days of fierce intellectual competition the skill to pass examinations is a valuable personal possession. At a Conference held in Madras or, the 20th November 1916 and attended by several non-Brahmin gentlemen of position and influence both in Madras and in the mofussil, it was resolved that measures be taken to start a company for publishing a newspaper advocating the cause of the non-Brahmin community, and also that apolitical association be formed to advance, safe-guard and protect the interests of the same community, In accordance with this a Joint Stock Company has been started under the name of South Indian Peoples Association for conducting a daily newspaper in English, Tamil and Telugu, respectively, and also a Political Association has been formed under the name of The South Indian Liberal Federation.. Indeed, a more vigorous educational policy for the non-Brahmins has long been over-due. 0000004241 00000 n (b) What is the Non-Brahmin Manifesto? Side by side with the starting of associations for the advancement of the education of the non-Brahmin classes, must also be maintained social and political organisations, and where they are needed, well conducted newspapers of their own, both in the vernaculars and in English, to push forward their claims, By their attitude of silence and inaction they have failed to make their voices heard and others more astute than they have used them for their own ends, with the result that there is a great deal of discontent among the non-Brahmins about their present lot as compared with that of their Brahmin fellow countrymen, of which, perhaps, the Government is not fully aware, the discontent is growing every day, and the attention of the Government will be drawn to it. They have, in the first place, to educate their boys and girls in far larger numbers than they have yet done, Associations under the responsible guidance of leading non-Brahmin gentlemen should be started and maintained in a state of efficiency, in every populous centre, not merely to induce the various non-Brahmin communities to avail themselves more freely of the existing facilities for education, and to create such facilities where they do not exist, but also to find adequate funds for the education of such of their poor but intelligent boys and girls as cannot obtain instruction without extraneous pecuniary help. opinion, among others of the 40 millions of non-Brahmins of this large and important province, It is our unfortunate experience also that as concessions and rights are more freely bestowed, the rigidly exclusive caste grows still more rigid and exclusive. 19 44 In my judgment I have mentioned Thanthai Periyar and his contributions in ensuring Social Justice to the oppressed people. It is our firm conviction that in India, for some time to come at any rate, every community has primarily to put its own house in order, so that, when it has to co-operate with other communities, possibly with higher social pretentions, it may do so, not as a dependent and helpless unit to be made a figure head or cats-paw of, but as a self-respecting and highly developed social organitsation, offering its willing co-operation for the promotion of common objects on terms of perfect equality. That was when Maraimalai Adikal (Swami Vethachalam) launched the pure Tamil movement against the use of Sanskrit words in Tamil. In the early days of the Indian National Congress, when that movement was directed and controlled on the spot by such sagacious and thoughtful men as the late Messrs. A.O. If, occasionally, a fair minded ruler endeavours to correct the inequality arising from the preponderance of Brahmins on any public body by having recourse to nominations of individuals from comparatively unrepresented interests, he is severely criticised in the Brahmin press. But at the time of its release, it received widespread criticism; Tamil Nadu's legacy of social justice owes its existence to the formative years of Justice Party in power. 0000003934 00000 n Depressed Classes Mission, Non-Brahmin movement and Justice Party . Nair. 0000024697 00000 n ^!{X(@L1qZ';P< Some of the old ideals are still there. But it passes our understanding Why a small class, which shows a larger percentage of English knowing men than their neighbours, should be allowed almost to absorb all the government appointments, great and small, high and low, to the exclusion of the latter, among whom may also be found, though in small proportions, men of capacity, enlightenment and culture. The South Indian Liberal Federation was later known as a) Justice Party b) Dravida Kazhagam c) Tamil Kazhagam d) Dravidian Party 12. As there was rapid growth of education in Madras Presidency, there was an increase in the number of educated non-Brahmins. But the non-Brahmins must first help themselves, Let them do everything needful to ensure a continued educational, social, political and economical development on abroad and enduring basis; and, then, their future as British subjects will be brighter and more prosperous than it is today, What is designated as Nation building is a laborious task, involving, and indeed necessitating, in the slow process of evolution, the due performance, in the proper time by each class and community, of the duty it owes to itself first and foremost. T.Nagar is a locality in Chennai which is named after him. The government pressed on with its efforts to reduce Brahmin dominance in public services, Brahmin to non-Brahmin ratio in superior services was 70:30 in 1904. At a Conference held in Madras or, the 20th November 1916 and attended by several non-Brahmin gentlemen of position and influence both in Madras and in the mofussil, it was resolved that measures be taken to start a company for publishing a newspaper advocating the cause of the non-Brahmin community, and also that apolitical association be formed to advance, safe-guard and protect the . 0000025083 00000 n . Depressed Classes Mission, Non-Brahmin movement and Justice Party One, of the earliest lower caste movements, which became the torch bearer for the future caste movements, was founded in Maharashtra in the 1870s by Jyotibha Phule, who with his books Gulamgiri (1872) and Sarvajanik Satyadharma Pustak and his organisation Satya Shodhak Samaj, proclaimed the need "to save the lower castes from . I have committed myself to the cause of Social Justice which is close very much to the ideology of Thanthai Periyar. It was established in 1916 by T. M. Nair and P. Theagaraya Chetty as a result of a series of non-Brahmin conferences and meetings in Madras Presidency. %PDF-1.5 % position in the country and their respective numerical strength, should be given a more effective voice in the management of her affairs, that she should be given fiscal freedom and legislative autonomy in matters affecting her domestic policy and economic position, and that, lastly, she must be accorded a place in the Empire conducive to the sense of self respect of her children as British subjects and not inferior in dignity and power to that occupied by any self-governing colony. (c) Why did EVR join the Non-Brahmin Movement? When I served as the Chief Justice of Punjab and Haryana High Court, I implemented the reservation policy for the first time in the appointment of Judges and other judiciary staff in those States. It is not necessary for our purpose to go into the details of this extravagant scheme, or into those of the other submitted to His Excellency the Viceroy by nineteen members of the Imperial Legislative Council, We are not in favour of any measure, which, in operation, is designed, or tends completely, to undermine the influence and authority of the British Rulers, who alone, in the present circumstances of India, are able to hold the scales even between creed and class, and to develop that sense of unity and national solidarity, without which India will continue to be a congeries of mutually exclusive and warring groups, without a common purpose and a common patriotism. Surely, in these services the preponderance of Brahmins would be still more striking. non brahmin manifesto was issued by whom. Brahmins are upset by the Dubey episode, but not . The classical account of the Brahmin priestly class and its role in Indian religion has seen remarkable continuity during the past two centuries. We are of those who think that in the truest and best interest of India, its Government should continue to be conducted on true British principles of justice and equality of opportunity. Periyar lived as an example to the ideals emphasized in the Kural couplet. We appeal to the enlightened members of the non-Brahmin communities to be up and doing, their future lies in their own hands. Syllabus. 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