why are refugees treated differently

Since Russia invaded Ukraine one month ago on Feb. 24, nearly 3.5 million people have fled Ukraine, and should the conflict continue, an additional 5 million more refugees will likely flee from the country within a year a rate that is nearly five times as fast as the flow of refugees from Syria and North Africa, says Stanford immigration policy scholar David Laitin. Many asylum applicants who technically fall under the refugee-protection category have been deported back to their home countries, where they are at great risk of torture or prosecution. The European Commission is considering reforms that ensure fair sharing of responsibility, including ending the Dublin Convention, but progress has been slow. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. They have received medical screenings and access to vaccinations upon their arrival. While the two categories are treated differently by law, in practice they are both asylum seekers. Full coverage at CTVNews.ca/Ukraine. Witnessing how Palestinian refugees have become caught in a state of permanent displacement, many Syrians are careful to disassociate themselves from the refugee identity. Stanford News is a publication of Stanford University Communications. However, IPL research has found that Europeans care deeply about fairness in the EU asylum system, and that large majorities would support a plan to allocate asylum seekers in proportion to each countrys capacity, even if that meant their own country would receive more. 2016. Yet, as Khalid notes, we do not have a stereotype of white people being inherently violent and prone to domestic terrorism." Branding Muslims as terrorists and using such accusations to reject Muslim asylum seekers are thinly veiled attempts for religious, racial, and ethnic prejudice to masquerade as national security concerns. As they began to land, she was shocked to learn from the pilot that their destination was instead Mexico. Therefore, the latter must contend with heightened xenophobia, and numerous studies evidence discrimination against Muslim asylum seekers. LIMBONG: Rana Khoury, a research associate at Princeton University focusing on conflict and displacement, says this language has impacts on global refugee policy. (Image credit: Michele Tantussi /Getty Images). As they work out where to go next, it's not clear they'll find refuge in Europe. Contrarily, due to racial, religious, cultural, and ethnic differences, Europeans feel less sympathy for other refugees. CHARLIE D'AGATA: You know, this is a relatively civilized, relatively European - I have to choose those words carefully, too - city where you wouldn't expect that LIMBONG: The phrasing rankled enough people that he issued a clarifying apology a day later. Others avoid registering for asylum, not for practical reasons but out of a sense of dignity. Refugees, for instance, pose an economic threat because they need jobs, low-cost housing, access to health care, etc. The EU refused to activate the Temporary Protection Directive in 2015, incentivized other nations to thwart the flow of refugees, and neglected to discipline border patrol agents who violated the rights of asylum seekers. Rather than bringing people to safety via transit centers and, ultimately, to countries including the United States, these flights are sending vulnerable migrants and asylum-seekers back to danger returning them to the very places theyre fleeing. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC. A third study, a replication of the second study, included a sample of 23 male and 108 female students (average age of 33 years) and concluded that, aside from the prejudice threat, every threat type was associated with unfavorable attitudes toward migrants. In 2014, Syrian and North African refugees poured into Greece, a country then not equipped to fulfill those treaty obligations. As anthropologist Miriam Ticktin has documented, some even infect themselves with deadly diseases to gain protection as HIV-positive patients and thereby gain residence. said. 1. All refugees deserve. Furthermore, to many white and Christian Europeans, an influx of Middle Eastern and African Muslim refugees threatens power dynamics rooted in racial and religious hegemony, while incoming Ukrainians primarily strengthen them. Unlike Ukrainians, they must apply for asylum and wait for approval before seeking jobs. Addie Esposito is a staff writer and Senior Editor at the HIR. The global refugee crisis: Empirical evidence and policy implications for improving public attitudes and facilitating refugee resettlement. In The Telegraph, Daniel Hannan wrote an article about Ukraine that led, they seem so like us. Palestinian refugees in Lebanon are being paid $350 a month to join the Russian army and then sent to fight in Ukraine, U.S. news agency The Media Line reported on Feb. 28, citing a Lebanese . Assistant Professor Farzana Saleem on how to mitigate the toll racial stressors take on kids mental health. The Danish. Why are asylum seekers treated differently to other refugees? Please submit a letter to the editor. Furthermore, to many white and Christian Europeans, an influx of Middle Eastern and African Muslim refugees threatens power dynamics rooted in racial and religious hegemony, while incoming Ukrainians primarily strengthen them. The deal gives EU states free passes to return migrants and failed asylum seekers to Turkey. Media coverage of the invasion is part of the reason. Reportedly, some of the perpetrators behind the Paris attacks had exploited the asylum system to enter Europe, giving migration skeptics ample opportunity to call for border closures. During the 2015 refugee "crisis," the EU called for detaining arriving refugees for up to 18 months. Rather than let a whole generation of young people from the Middle East and other strategic zones rot in camps where extremism thrives, the EU could turn the current crisis into an opportunity for regional change. Iraq is reclaiming territory and yet faces internal conflict and a long road to recovery. Ukrainians enjoy more lenient entry requirements, refugee reception centers offering essentials, easier travel within the EU, and free public transportation and phone services. A charity that helps refugees has said there is a big variation in how the UK helps people from different countries. Not so today in the wake of Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The Biden administration must immediately halt flights carrying asylum-seekers back to Mexico and Haiti and fully rescind Title 42 so that everyone seeking protection can petition for safety. LIMBONG: Mahdis Keshavarz is a board member with the Arab and Middle Eastern Journalists Association, which put out a statement criticizing this framing, which Keshavarz says relies on old tropes. This is because under Australia's excision regime (which was introduced in September 2001) asylum seekers who arrive at an 'excised offshore place' without a valid visa are barred from applying for a visa to remain in Australia unless the Minister personally intervenes to allow them to do so. They also found that eligible voters favored refugees with higher employability. The other hundreds, or perhaps thousands, of girls and young women who survived the journey are still in Kakuma Refugee Camp. According to the U.N.'s 1951 Refugee Convention, a refugee is "someone who is unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion." "But instead, it really is night and day if we talk about the programs for Afghanistan's refugees.". The way the system is in place, most of the burden falls on groups like us, in terms of housing and transportation, says Chuevang Xiong, Director of Refugee Services at the International . LIMBONG: Keshavarz points to Poland accepting Ukrainian refugees when not that long ago, the country was telling scores of Afghans, Syrians and Iraqis, no, the country's full. More so, their action was a case study in poor strategic thinking. Arash Emamzadeh attended the University of British Columbia in Canada, where he studied genetics and psychology. An anchor for Al-Jazeera English called Ukrainian refugees, quote, "middle-class people," in comparison to refugees from the Middle East and North Africa. Chancellor Angela Merkel is facing her biggest political crisis to date over this issue, with over 40 percent of Germans calling for her resignation this year in response to her open-border policy. Tens of thousands of people have already crossed into. But many European leaders nonetheless feel they are under pressure to minimize the number of asylum seekers within their own country. PublishedFebruary 28, 2022 at 3:31 PM CST. Given its magnitude, the Ukraine crisis may prompt leaders to consider policies that cast a wider lens, Laitin said. Both direct and indirect threats were related to unfavorable attitudes toward refugees, so there may be a bidirectional relationship between peoples attitudes and their perception of threat: The perception of threat gives rise to negative attitudes toward outsiders, and negative attitudes also cause greater threat perception. The findings could help inform long-term wildfire and ecosystem management in these zombie forests.. In the wall-to-wall coverage of the crisis in Ukraine, a certain pattern has sometimes emerged that positions Ukrainians as different from other victims of conflict. All refugees deserve protection, not just our allies. Job insecurity, poverty, and hunger can leave people with no other choice but to risk everything on a boat across the Mediterranean. Diplomas and qualifications have to be recognized by the national labor system, which depending on the level of education can take years. March 3, 2022. In line with these recommendations, countries with high migration rate such as Germany, Sweden, and Italy offer asylum seekers temporary work permits while their applications are being processed. Lest we forget, barrel bombs are not the only threat to life. But we need to remember that Europeans were impressively generous to the first wave of Syrian refugees, but as the numbers increased, attitudes quickly became exclusive. He's also covered the near collapse of the live music industry during the coronavirus pandemic. But the U.S. can easily put in place measures that manage risks to public health and still protect the legal right to asylum. Other EU countries are now considering taking similar steps. Several studies suggest the increase of an active work force will benefit the EUs GDP. Khoury, the researcher, says race plays a part in all of this but also proximity and geopolitics, too. And if you zoom way, way out when talking about refugees and displacement, countries in the Middle East, Africa and the global South have taken in more than their fair share of refugees. As the European asylum system has effectively broken down amid the recent inflow, it is time for the EUs wealthier member states to rethink current practices. Why are some refugees treated differently than others? These asylum-seekers should be welcomed just like Afghans are being welcomed. KESHAVARZ: So as journalists, I think it's really critical that we look at that duality, and we question why that is. Famously declaring The fight is here. HERIKA MARTINEZ/AFP/Getty Images. They can even enter Slovakia and Poland without papers, countries displaying potent anti-refugee sentiments during the 2015 Syrian refugee crisis. Whether the threat is true or imagined, immigrants might be perceived as threatening in a number of ways. A new report released by The Guardian shows the recent massive migration inflow to Germany has had a positive impact on the GDP, as the population growth among the working age has increased while unemployment has decreased. Explosives and debris must be cleared from areas that have been retaken so that water and electric services can be restored. Eastern Europe is treating Ukrainians better than Syrians and Afghansbut giving people the means to resist is the only way to prevent future crises. They often have no or very limited access to services, material assistance, adequate housing, health . In The Telegraph, Daniel Hannan wrote an article about Ukraine that led, they seem so like us. Refugee Children in U.S. Schools: A Toolkit for Teachers and School Personnel (Grant No. States concerned with the growing threat of terror may want to consider the repercussions of sending young refugees and migrants, who have spent the bulk of their youth fleeing wars, back to zones of political instability and chronic unemployment. With fewer resources invested in non-Ukrainian refugees, it may take longer for their asylum cases to be processed, prolonging unemployment, living precarity, and limited access to resources. Furthermore, it is important to help the public understand immigrants do not have to give up the core of their identity (in terms of cultures and traditions) to be able to follow the law, find jobs, contribute to society, and make friends with people of the host country. Governments and civilians around the world have vocalized their support for Ukraine and opposition to Russia; therefore, the EU risks international backlash if it fails to absorb and aid millions of Ukrainian refugees. The way we talk about conflicts can impact those who are already most directly affected by war, refugees. The 2014-15 asylees from Syria and North Africa were mostly Muslim and faced higher degrees of discrimination than will the Ukrainians, who are largely of Christian heritage. deported back to their home countries, where they are at great risk of torture or prosecution. The Harbour Project charity said many Ukrainians received immediate refugee. Businesses and civil society groups are busy developing training programs and job centers for asylum seekers to integrate into the system. The Guardian, 2 set. In 2012, at the onset of the current refugee crisis, I interviewed young Afghan and African asylum seekers in Denmark who expressed frustration with their confinement in asylum centers in remote areas, which they felt prevented them from integrating with their host community. Among those were27.1 million refugees, half under the age of 18 (21.3 million refugees under . Today, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention centers have custody of approximately 54,000 refugees, asylum-seekers, and migrants. This crisis requires countries that are accepting refugees to have . Syrians rejection of the refugee category reflects the widespread association in the Middle East of refugees with Palestinians, who have for decades lived in UN-assisted camps in the region. Most are Ukrainians, but some are students . Masses of refugees from Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Somalia, Yemen, and elsewhere have faced racially motivated hostility in. Just last week, the U.S. expelled 86 Haitians who fled the recent earthquake and political unrest, and flew them back to Haiti under this policy. While refugees are humanitarian subjects primarily seeking protection, migrants are economic subjects, seeking better lives. 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Data collected from three IPL projects shows that Muslim immigrants and refugees face higher levels of discrimination in Europe than those with a Christian heritage. The European Parliament stresses in a report that even though Sweden offers low working restrictions for asylees, their labor market is inflexible and poorly adaptable to employees with different skills. For more information, see our full Privacy Policy. As neighboring countries let in Ukrainian refugees, Africans living and studying in Ukraine say they're facing discrimination at border crossings. When it comes to these refugees being treated differently during their time of need, Abdelaaty's research shows that the labels used to describe those fleeing their homelandrefugees and migrantsimpacts how countries respond, including the actual definitions of who is a refugee and who is a migrant. Since 9/11, far-right terrorists have killed more people in the United States than Islamic jihadists. The Century Foundation. KESHAVARZ: So as journalists, I think it's really critical that we look at that duality, and we question why that is. Religious and other prejudices are often intertwined; the disparity between how the EU treats Ukrainian and non-Ukrainian refugees stems from Europeans empathy for Ukrainians and the othering of African and Middle Eastern refugees. Why are some refugees treated differently than others? To receive Stanford news daily, In responding to refugee crises and surges in asylum applications, the EU has struggled to maintain unity and solidarity among member states. Only a very small number of asylum seekers arrive in New Zealand each year - and fewer than half of them are successful in their claims for refugee status. Barbed political rhetoric both reflects and exacerbates these trends among Europeans. I thought about the tens of thousands of refugees fleeing Ukraine and the tens of thousands of refugees who have had to flee their homes in Central America, Mexico and other parts of Latin. In practice, refugees and migrants apply for the same asylum, which has somewhat disrupted the easy management of these categories. In other words, the deaths of African and Middle Eastern civilians have elicited less attention from media outlets and foreign governments than the deaths of Ukrainians. What does Turkey get in return for taking care of Europes deported lot? Landmann, H., Gaschler, R., & Rohmann, A. The 2014-15 refugees had no such rights. The Refugee Act is a federal immigration law that was adopted in 1980. The Dublin Convention has been divisive and especially difficult for Italy and Greece, which have struggled to accommodate migrants arriving by sea. (AP Photo/Bernat Armangue) Reporters have documented dehumanizing treatment against international students from Africa, South Asia and the Middle East in Ukraine. Many Syrians I spoke to last year in Lebanon and Jordan, where millions of Syrians have relocated, rejected registering as refugees in favor of living as migrants, stressing that they wanted to work and be self-sufficient rather than depend on aid. The death of Alan Kurdi: one year on, compassion towards refugees fades: Toddler's death opened European hearts and policy towards refugees, but 12 months on those changes have proved temporary. Refugees and migrants arrive to Europe by the same road; they also face the same challenges in seeking asylum, labor, and housing, as well as integrating into their host communities. Ukrainian nationals are oftentimes allowed to board evacuation transportation ahead of foreign nationals, who also face more difficulties entering countries like Poland and acquiring suitable accommodations. : 'Labours Shadow Home Secretary Yvette Cooper struggles to justify why refugees fleeing war in Ukraine should be treated differently to refugees fleeing war in Afghanistan. The United States has been consumed with the mass evacuation and resettlement effort for vulnerable Afghans in the wake of the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan. In both the United States and Europe, the inevitability of multiculturalism and diversityand the resulting decay of white dominanceprompts nativism, racism, and xenophobia from the right. Laitin also offers insight into how European Union (EU) policy is supporting a surge of refugees that the United Nations has described as the largest humanitarian crisis Europe has seen since World War II. The 1953 Refugee Relief Act defined "refugee" (someone in a non-Communist country fleeing persecution), "escapee" (someone fleeing communism), and "expellee" (an ethnic German forced out of Eastern Europe). We want to hear what you THINK. MAHDIS KESHAVARZ: I always kind of think this imagery of, like, this pearl clutch of being just aghast that something can happen in your backyard, where things are happening in other people's backyards all the time. Given the risk of deportation, many also avoid the system altogether and work informally instead. Extensive international coverage of the crisis in Ukraine also has geopolitical consequences. The authoritative record of NPRs programming is the audio record. But they may be misguided to see migration from Africa as their foremost challenge. In 2016, Hungarian leader Viktor Orbn described migration as a poison, yet he recently exclaimed that Ukrainians are welcomed by friends in Hungary. EU nationseven those with notorious anti-migrant sentimentshave opened their arms and borders to Ukrainian refugees with unprecedented generosity. Statistics show that asylum centers tend to isolate residents and restrict their access to the labor market. This absence of a commitment to a particular side may have reduced the reputational incentives to help affected refugees. In a strategic attempt to halt irregular migration while maintaining her principle of a generous domestic asylum policy, Merkel has facilitated an EU agreement with Turkey. A few European politicians have also stressed that Ukrainian refugees are qualitatively superior by virtue of their race and religion to those from countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa and. In the wall-to-wall coverage of the crisis in Ukraine, a certain pattern has sometimes emerged that positions Ukrainians as different from other victims of conflict. (Image credit: Michele Tantussi /Getty Images), as the largest humanitarian crisis Europe has seen since World War II, were more likely to reject Muslim applicants, Swiss voters denying citizenship to Muslim applicants, fearing and discriminating against increasing numbers of Muslims in their midst, only a small share of the migrants there expressed an interest in reaching Europe, urban Ukrainians tend to have higher skill levels than other middle-income countries, Stanford scholar explores the impact of racial stress on Black youth. The decision that wealthy northern European countries such as Denmark and the UK made last fall, when they dismissed the EUs call for sharing the responsibility by refusing to receive any of the 120,000 asylum seekers relocated from the south, revealed their humanitarian priorities. The reasons for this difference. If you are among those who hate refugees, do you know why you feel this way? At least 2.5 million people need humanitarian assistance. People fleeing war-torn Ukraine arrive on a train from Poland at Berlins main train station on March 6, 2022. Reviewed by Ekua Hagan. She says that's a pretty good sign of civilization. More than half - nearly 548,000 - have fled to Poland which shares a 500km border with Ukraine. While we do not know the specific educational and skill profile of the now over 3 million Ukrainians who have fled, urban Ukrainians tend to have higher skill levels than other middle-income countries. Guinean student Moustapha Bagui Sylla recalled, They stopped us at the border and told us that Blacks were not allowed. But, as Katy Long argued in a policy brief for The Century Foundation, in the case of the United States, which accepted 69,900 refugees including a mere 2,192 Syrians last year, Western countries may be shooting themselves in the foot by outsourcing their migrant problem. Since the media expose Europeans more to the conflict in Ukraine, they are more aware of the atrocities and trauma necessitating Ukrainians flight to nearby countries; therefore, refugees need for asylum seems more legitimate. Why don't we treat all refugees as though they were Ukrainian? Copyright 2022 NPR. One of the many things that Russian President Vladimir Putin did not expect when he launched his gratuitously stupid invasion of Ukraine was international resolve. An additional . subscribe to Stanford Report. In the first of these investigations, they used a sample of 55 male and 121 female psychology students (average age of 32 years). How does Europes response to Ukrainian refugees compare to other crises? For example, Orbn seeks to establish a Christian democracy in Hungary, and he has stated that Christian and Muslim society will never unite. This potent anti-Muslim, Christian supremacy rhetoric explains why Hungary welcomes Christian Ukrainians and rejects Muslim refugees from Africa and the Middle East. Since being forced to wait one additional year for the asylum decisions lowers the probability of being employed by about 4.9 percentage points'' due to skills atrophy and demoralization, it is more difficult for non-Ukrainian refugees to integrate into the workforce. Dehumanizing treatment against international students from Africa as their foremost challenge talk about conflicts impact. Health and still protect the legal right to asylum # x27 ; s of! May have reduced the reputational incentives to help affected refugees you are among those who already. Immigration law that was adopted in 1980 hate refugees, Africans living and studying in Ukraine heightened xenophobia and! In all of this but also proximity and geopolitics, too ; s invasion Ukraine... 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