"Decoding Pearl Harbor", in. [118] In 1987, The Journal of Australasian Cave Research described Oceania as being "the region from Irian Jaya (Western New Guinea, a province of New Guinea) in the west to Galpagos Islands (Equador) and Easter Island (Chile) in the east. Oceania: Population, Characteristics, Economy And Religions. Oceania. Our client is actively searching for an Asso Professor/ Professor (Population Health Implementation Science) to join their team. Migrating from South-East Asia, they appear to have occupied these islands as far east as the main islands in the Solomon Islands archipelago, including Makira and possibly the smaller islands farther to the east. [403], Australia is also known for its cafe and coffee culture in urban centres. Tourists mostly come from Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. [431] Sculpture in Oceania first appears on New Guinea as a series of stone figures found throughout the island, but mostly in mountainous highlands. Approximately 3.5 thousand years ago, a second expansion of Austronesian speakers arrived in Near Oceania, and the descendants of these people spread to the far corners of the Pacific, colonising Remote Oceania. "[19], Thomas Sebeok's two volume 1971 book Linguistics in Oceania defines Easter Island, the Galpagos Islands, the Juan Fernndez Islands, Costa Rica's Cocos Island and Colombia's Malpelo Island (all oceanic)[122] as making up a Spanish language segment of Oceania. It was held for the first time in 1905.[466]. [433] Hawaiian art includes wood carvings, feather work, petroglyphs, bark cloth (called kapa in Hawaiian and tapa elsewhere in the Pacific), and tattoos. Urban population has increased from 21,936,910 (70.1%) in 2000 to 31,011,800 (70.5%) in the current year. [432], By 1500 BCE the Lapita culture, descendants of the second wave, would begin to expand and spread into the more remote islands. The most inclusivebut not always the most usefulembraces about 25,000 land areas between Asia and the Americas. The population of the Oceania / Pacific region is approximately 300 million. Urban Pop % : Urban population as a percentage of total population. Oceania thus has the most to lose, culturally speaking, from the pressures of global political and economic change. Some also theorize that Indigenous Australians are related to the Ainu people, who are the original inhabitants of Japan's Hokkaido, the Kuril Islands and the southern part of Sakhalin. [311][312] A 2011 survey found that 92% in Melanesia,[311] 93% in Micronesia[311] and 96% in Polynesia described themselves as Christians. [218] On 24 September 1853, under orders from Napoleon III, Admiral Febvrier Despointes took formal possession of New Caledonia and Port-de-France (Nouma) was founded 25 June 1854. (The arts of the region are discussed in several articles; see art and architecture, Oceanic; music and dance, Oceanic; and Oceanic literature.) World urban population. Population is the entire pool from which a statistical sample is drawn. The term, in its widest sense, embraces the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas. Cultural customs such as the Samoa 'ava ceremony are significant and solemn rituals at important occasions including the bestowal of matai chiefly titles. "Huna, Max Freedom Long, and the Idealization of William Brigham". Geographic coordinates. 4.9 million), Brisbane (pop. [434], Rugby union is one of the region's most prominent sports,[435] and is the national sport of New Zealand, Samoa, Fiji and Tonga. The total population of Oceania minus mainland Australia is about 18 million. English, French, Bislama (Bichelama) plus more than 100 local languages. [150][151] In terms of marine fauna, Clipperton shares similarities with areas of the Pacific which are much farther removed from the Americas. Oceania is a region of migrants: there were an estimated 9.1 million migrants amongst the region's 41.8 million people as of mid-year 2020 ( UN DESA, 2020 ). [18][19][7] The broadest definition of Oceania encompasses the many islands between mainland Asia and the Americas;[6][20][21] The island nation of Australia is the only piece of land in the area which is large enough to typically be considered a continent. In addition, its characteristics, religion, economy and more. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The Polynesian people are considered to be by linguistic, archaeological and human genetic ancestry a subset of the sea-migrating Austronesian people and tracing Polynesian languages places their prehistoric origins in the Malay Archipelago, and ultimately, in Taiwan. Main countries of Oceania With 24.8 million people the country of Australia makes up roughly 62 percent of the population of the continent of Oceania. In popular usage, however, the designation has a more restricted application. In addition, the series of sovereign island nations fringing Asia (Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, East Malaysia, the Republic of Indonesia) are not ordinarily considered to be part of the area. The largest and most populous dependency is the French dependency of New Caledonia, which has a land area of 18,280 km 2, and a population of approximately 287,000. As with other Polynesian cultures (Hawaiian, Tahitian and Mori) with significant and unique tattoos, Samoans have two gender specific and culturally significant tattoos. The number of its inhabitants is approximately 34,300,000 (according to the 2010 census), a figure that is increasing due to the substantial difference in the birth rate (21%) and death rate (9%). A decentralized chieftain-based system eventually evolved into a more centralized economic and religious culture centered on Yap and Pohnpei. Australia (59.82%) Papua New Guinea (20.67%) New Zealand (11.51%) Fiji (2.18%) Solomon Islands (1.48%) Vanuatu (0.70%) New Caledonia (0.69%) French Polynesia (0.69%) Other (2.26%) See also [ edit] List of Eurasian countries by population PLOS One describe Insular Chile as having "cultural and ecological connections to the broader insular Pacific. Britain also established colonies in Australia in 1788, New Zealand in 1840 and Fiji in 1872, with much of Oceania becoming part of the British Empire. 4. The UN designation for this subregion is "Australia and New Zealand". Oceania population is equivalent to 0.54% of the total world population. The South Pacific Commission. [154], Other uninhabited Pacific Ocean landmasses have been explicitly associated with Oceania,[155] including the highly remote Baker Island and Wake Island (now administered by the U.S. km of land area) - Oceania. He wrote in The Globe Encyclopedia of Universal Information that, "literally interpreted, the name would include all the groups from Sumatra to the Galpagos, together with Australia. Although it is mostly ocean and spans many continental plates, Oceania is occasionally listed as one of the continents. [266] Birds breeding on Pitcairn include the fairy tern, common noddy, and red-tailed tropicbird. [416] The country's diverse scenery and compact size, plus government incentives,[417] have encouraged some producers to film big budget movies in New Zealand, including Avatar, The Lord of the Rings, The Hobbit, The Chronicles of Narnia, King Kong and The Last Samurai. [236][237], The Pacific Plate, which makes up most of Oceania, is an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean. Oceania is the fictional totalitarian state that acts as the setting for the novel 1984 by George Orwell. West Papua was split from Papua province in 2003 but still retain autonomous status, On 7 October 2006, government officials moved their offices in the former capital of, National Gallery of Victoria Victorian Heritage Register. Population of Asia (0.83%), South America (0.81%) and North America (0.76%) are increasing with almost similar rate. [381], New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy,[382] although its constitution is not codified. "[88] British linguist Robert Needham Cust argued in 1887 that the Malay archipelago should be excluded since it had participated in Asian civilization. Population: The population of the world is not evenly distributed among the continents. [353] Australia boasts the largest amount of manufacturing in the region, producing cars, electrical equipment, machinery and clothes. [145][146] In their 2019 book Women and Violence: Global Lives in Focus, Kathleen Nadeau and Sangita Rayamajhi wrote that, "the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, and most of Indonesia are not usually considered to be part of the region of Oceania as it is understood today. Mediterrranean 2. [208] Moreover, a recent study which included radiocarbon dates from what is thought to be very early material suggests that the island was discovered and settled as recently as 1200.[209]. The number of its inhabitants is approximately 34,300,000(according to the 2010 census), a figure that is increasing due to the substantial difference in the birth rate (21%) and death rate (9%). PopulationPyramid.net Piramide della Popolazione Mondiale dal 1950 al 2100. The ancestors of the Micronesians settled there over 4,000 years ago. This definition consists of discrete political entities, and so excludes the Bonin Islands, Hawaii, Clipperton Island and the Juan Fernndez Islands, along with Easter Island which was annexed by Chile in 1888. It was politically associated with Australia and Tasmania by 1870. The most popular usage delimits Oceania further by eliminating Indonesia, Taiwan, and the Philippines, because the peoples and cultures of those islands are more closely related historically to the Asian mainland. [66][113] Brown also categorized Japan and Taiwan as being in the same part of the world as the islands of Oceania, and excluded them from The Countries of the World: Volume 5, which covered mainland Asia and Hong Kong. The passerines of Australia, also known as songbirds or perching birds, include wrens, the magpie group, thornbills, corvids, pardalotes, lyrebirds. The Pacific Games (formerly known as the South Pacific Games) is a multi-sport event, much like the Olympics on a much smaller scale, with participation exclusively from countries around the Pacific. Around 40 million people live in Australia/Oceania, the smallest continent. The 2011 book Maritime Adaptations of the Pacific, by Richard W. Casteel and Jean-Claude Passeron, states that, "for the purpose of anthropology, Oceania has long been a continent like Africa, Asia and America. This is a senior leadership position responsible for an integrated approach to population and public health programs and services in the Province of Manitoba. "[147], In Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands: A Comprehensive Guide (2013), George R. Zug claimed that "a standard definition of Oceania includes Australia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, and New Zealand and the oceanic islands of Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia." They take part in the legislative and presidential French elections. They became known as the Chamorros. [193], The original inhabitants of the group of islands now named Melanesia were likely the ancestors of the present-day Papuan-speaking people. [246], The most diverse country of Oceania when it comes to the environment is Australia, with tropical rainforests in the north-east, mountain ranges in the south-east, south-west and east, and dry desert in the centre. [103] The journal associated the term Oceania with the Melanesian, Micronesian and Polynesian subdivisions, but not with the Indonesian or non-tropical subdivisions. [85] Publication Missionary Review of the World claimed in 1895 that Oceania was divided up into five groups; Australasia, Malesia, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. [187] Although they likely migrated to Australia through Southeast Asia they are not demonstrably related to any known Asian or Polynesian population. Islands in Indonesia's North Maluku and North Sulawesi regions are considered to border the open Pacific Ocean, with the rest of the Indonesian islands being located in marginal seas of the Pacific, or the Indian Ocean. Almost 13,000 Portuguese immigrants had arrived by 1899; they also worked on the sugarcane plantations. New Caledonia, Hawaii, and French Polynesia are highly developed too but are not sovereign states. Afghanistan , Albania , Algeria , American Samoa , Andorra , Angola , Anguilla , Antigua and Barbuda , Argentina , Armenia , Aruba , Australia , Austria , Az. [121] The 2007 book Asia in the Pacific Islands: Replacing the West, by New Zealand Pacific scholar Ron Crocombe, defined the term "Pacific Islands" as being islands in the South Pacific Commission, and stated that such a definition "does not include Galpagos and other [oceanic] islands off the Pacific coast of the Americas; these were uninhabited when Europeans arrived, then integrated with a South American country and have almost no contact with other Pacific Islands." [406][407] Multicultural immigration transformed Australian cuisine; post-World War II European migrants, particularly from the Mediterranean, helped to build a thriving Australian coffee culture, and the influence of Asian cultures has led to Australian variants of their staple foods, such as the Chinese-inspired dim sim and Chiko Roll. She adds that most islands in the Pacific are "close enough together to be easily clustered into archipelagos or groups. 75 million. Oceania has traditionally been divided into four parts: Australasia (Australia and New Zealand), Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. In 1820, the first American missionaries arrived to preach Christianity and teach the Hawaiians Western ways. "[75] Conrad Malte-Brun in 1824 defined Oceania as covering Australia, New Zealand, the islands of Polynesia (which then included all the Pacific islands) and the Malay archipelago. [15], The arrival of European settlers in subsequent centuries resulted in a significant alteration in the social and political landscape of Oceania. In the financial year 2014/15, tourism represented 3% of Australia's GDP contributing A$47.5 billion to the national economy. Oceania's Share of World Pop: Total population as a percentage of total World Population as of July 1 of the year indicated. The Pacific theatre saw major action during the Second World War, mainly between Allied powers the United States, Philippines (a U.S. Commonwealth at the time) and Australia, and Axis power Japan. Although these regions, as well as the large East Asian islands of Taiwan, Hainan and the Japanese archipelago, have varying degrees of cultural connections. Tourism New Zealand, the country's official tourism agency, is actively promoting the country as a destination worldwide. [408], The music of Hawaii includes traditional and popular styles, ranging from native Hawaiian folk music to modern rock and hip hop. It is calculated as the average number of children an average woman will have during her reproductive period (15 to 49 years old) based on the current fertility rates of every age group in the countries within Oceania, and assuming she is not subject to mortality. 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