The absence of that knowledge is a source of insecurity, and Ive come to realize that.. He sees the addition of ecocide in the rarified company of the four other international crimes as a signal that the worlds values are on the cusp of transforming. Philippe Sands is professor of law at University College London. He discovered a passion in international law. The acclaim for Sands books began to raise his profile outside of the international legal establishment and cement his place as a storyteller who could weave complicated topics into page-turning narratives. Dignitaries included His Excellency The Austrian Ambassador Michael Zimmermann and Head of the Cultural section at the German embassy Ralf Teepe. . We really have., His own evolution on the idea of an ecocide crime has been gradual. Its liberating, but its tough to articulate clearly, especially after a childhood when his French first name worked to disguise his religion. He was convicted and hanged in October 1946. Sands and his colleagues recognized the injustice at the heart of those issues: industrialized countries amassed their wealth in part through unrestrained pollution into the global commons while small nations that contributed little to the problems faced the worst effects. On the way, they trade gossip about Belgian and international politics. The countrys legislature is on the cusp of voting on domestic ecocide legislation and deciding whether to back the international effort. Find family history information in a whole new way Create a free family tree for yourself or for Natalia Schiffrin and well search for valuable new information for you. WebPhilippe Sands is known for What Our Fathers Did: A Nazi Legacy (2015), Independent Lens (1999) and We Are Many (2014). Lees biography is unusual in that it was commissioned, and published while its subject is still alive. But the question. Most people in his orbit clamor for a piece of his time and attention, and he is fairly generous with both. The forced relocation was, in part, to make way for the U.S. military base Diego Garcia. My view of international law is one step forward, one step sideways. But today, he feels that worry cannot override what he calls pressing and vital threats to the environment. A little group of countries had basically changed the world.. WebSands was born in London on 17 October 1960 to Jewish parents. His discoveries became the core of a book about his family, the Holocaust and the Nuremberg trials. Both of those men were, like Mr. Sandss grandfather, the only survivors of their extended Jewish families, murdered by the Nazis under the administration of Hans Frank, Hitlers personal lawyer, who became governor-general of occupied Poland and who was convicted and executed at Nuremberg. Representing the Solomon Islands, Sands and his colleagues developed a series of arguments aimed at pushing the World Court to embrace a more pro-environmental perspective. Mr. Sands adores Ms. Schiffrin, whom he met in New York in 1989. The first, more frivolous Stoppard retorts: Personally Id rather have written Winnie-the-Pooh than the Collected Works of Brecht.. Wearing a blue suit and white sneakers, Cogolati apologizes for being late and tells the virtual attendees that two years ago even progressive academics and thinkers had laughed at him for pushing for an ecocide crime. (44) 20 7679 4758 Tel. We must sever the connection between international criminal law and an anthropocentric approach, he says, referencing the work of American legal scholar Christopher Stone, whose 1972 law review article, Should Trees Have Standing, has long been a touchstone for Sands. None of the international crimes as such focus on the environment, because of course in 1945 the environment wasnt part of the international legal order or part of political consciousness., His virtual audience is composed of labor and workers rights representatives, one of many groups Stop Ecocide International is looking to for political support. He was educated at University College School in Hampstead, London and read law at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge attaining a B.A. Fueled by youthful optimism and drinks at the Tabard Inn bar, the foursome launched the Center For International Environmental Law with the aim of pushing the equitable development of international environmental law. The current torture case began in the spring of 2004, when photographs of abused prisoners at Abu Ghraib surfaced. A step back, two steps forward, a step sideways. As much as he is part of the establishment, the Cambridge-educated Sands has a reputation as a rebel, never missing an opportunity to criticize those same elites. He was 78. Adifferent legacy of the Third Reich in the United States emerges in Alexander Wolffs memoir, Endpapers: A Family Story of Books, War, Escape and Home (Atlantic Monthly Press, $26). He makes jokes and the audience laughs. By continuing to use this site, you accept this policy. Its 8 p.m. when he arrives at the Doopsgezinde Singelkerk church, situated alongside one of Amsterdams iconic canals. Born Tom Strussler in Zln, Czechoslovakia, in 1937, the younger of two sons of Jewish parents, Eugen and Marta, Stoppard was repeatedly saved from disaster by fate. Agitating for progressive change in the law and culture has been a hallmark of his career, and now, believing the world is facing an environmental crisis of epic proportions, he has become a leading voice behind calls to put mass harm to the environment below international criminal laws moral red line, alongside war crimes and genocide. He then had long relationships with two actresses, Felicity Kendal and Sinad Cusack, before marrying the television producer Sabrina Guinness in 2014. In 2002, he began working on a case in which he helped secure the release of 24-year-old British National, Feroz Abbasi, who had been wrongfully detained at Guantnamo Bay without evidence. Weve squandered the 30 intervening years and wasted time, he said in July. But, he argues, law does change consciousness. Adding a fifth cime on top of that, Sands had thought, was a real concern. Forced to flee Germany in 1933 due to his degenerate publishing business and his Jewish heritage, Kurt Wolff left behind two children from his first marriage, Maria and Niko, who lived with their mother and her new husband. Philippe likes to work things out by disagreement, Cameron said, adding that Sands tendency to challenge ideas can agitate certain sensibilities. We have to break this umbilical cord where we just assume it has to be about the wellbeing of humans, he said. He had previously been told that only his father was Jewish: All these years, Bobby had stayed silent. If he feels any pressure it doesnt show. In Germany, from 1913 onward, Kurt Wolffs eponymous house published Franz Kafka, Karl Kraus, and Heinrich Mann, as well as art books by Oskar Kokoschka and Paul Klee. Philippe Sands And, in particular, the catalyst was questions that I had about my own identity. By learning more about his grandfather and family, he said, he would come to know more about himself. Philippe Sandss remarkable 2016 book, East West Street: On the Origins of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity, weaves together the history of his family and that of two concepts central to his chosen profession as an international human-rights lawyer. Sands is given a generous introduction, though most people in the room already know who he is. Is there not a risk that by putting corporations into that definition, that prosecutors will say its less sensitive if we go against the corporation, and we will avoid going against the individual., He continues: And that undermines the deterrent effect because at the end of the dayyou cant put a corporation in prison. Sands jabs his left pointer finger in the air as he emphasizes each word: And what concentrates the mind of the chief executive is that she or he or they will personally be subject to criminal responsibility.. Over a four-decade career, Sands has spent his fair share of time in the European Unions capital city, as well as other centers of international commerce, where he regularly rubs shoulders with politicians, diplomats, journalists and, from time to time, royalty. Theres not much dispute anymore: torture happened, and the law is cleartorture must be punished., Meanwhile, Sands reiterated a warning that he made in his book. His daughter Natalia is married to international lawyer Philippe Sands . The moderator and Sands take their place at the center of the hall, which has a high ceiling and two floors of galleries along three of the four walls. Genocide is harder to prove and never satisfies anyone, Mr. Sands said. Central to the Wchter familys story is the same question Sands has wrestled with throughout his career: How is it that highly intelligent and seemingly decent people can become involved in horrible things? In the mid 90s, France resumed testing nuclear weapons in the South Pacific, leaving widespread radioactive waste in the atmosphere and ocean. What happened? When hes being interviewed, he refuses to receive the interview questions ahead of timeI prefer spontaneity and its a better experience for the audience. His contrarian tendencies are also rooted in one of his core beliefs: reasonable people can differ on many things. Arguably, this damning and meticulously researched biography of a leading but lesser-known Nazi exists, above all, to convince Horst of his fathers culpability. The coalition of vulnerable countries has since become known as the conscience of climate change negotiations for their role in consistently pushing for strong emission reductions and equitable financing for the most affected nations. She was 20 years old in 1973 when the colonial British government forcibly removed her entire community, about 2,000 people, many of whom were former slaves, from their homes in the Chagos Islands. in 1982 and going on to achieve a first class honours in the LLM course a year later. He works in the trajectory toward execution at Nuremberg of another lawyer, Hans Frank, and only glancingly brings in his own ties to the city and his own murdered family, the emotional thread that distinguishes his book and makes it extraordinary. I dont have an answer to that question, he tells the audience. He has a special interest in environmental law and laws governing crimes against humanity and genocide, having worked on cases involving Guantnamo, torture and claims of immunity by heads of state, including long conversations in 2006 advising Syrian leaders about the tribunal looking into the 2005 assassination of a former Lebanese prime minister, Rafik Hariri. WebSchiffrin's daughter, journalist Anya Schiffrin, is married to the economist and Nobel Prize winner Joseph Stiglitz. Now, Mr. Sands has tried to draw the strings of all these strangely connected lives together. By the time the case had reached Britains House of Lords, the world was watching, and Sands had a front row seat. Philippe, if you do, Sands recalls her saying, I will divorce you! (She is American, and the daughter of the book publisher Andr Schiffrin, a founder of Students for a Democratic Society.) The experience reified the idea of environmental destruction, and what it will mean for his children and future generations absent a change in course. When U.S. troops invaded Iraq in March 2003, Sands was outraged and deeply concerned about what he saw as a manifest violation of international law. He wanted to understand, as he put it: Howa country as profoundly attached to the rule of law and principles of constitutionality as the United States could have so little regard for international law?. The opposite of polemical, Stoppard often presents contrary perspectives and opinions with equal conviction. Want to change your email address or password? The move shocked the representatives of powerful countries, who bristled at the ballsy move. Otto and Horst von Wchter, circa 1942. In 1998, the worlds nations gathered in Rome to hash out a treaty, what would become the Rome Statute, that established the permanent International Criminal Court. Sands wife, Natalia Schiffrin, is the daughter of the late, renowned publisher Andr Schiffrin, and a well regarded attorney and magistrate in her own right. His 2014 book East West Street traces the lives of two Eastern European Jews who fought for creation of the crimes, and a third man, a Nazi bureaucrat, who presided over the murders of their families, and Sands own. (In an almost unbelievable twist of fate, Lauterpachts son, Eli, had been his mentor at Cambridge Law). Philippe Sands is professor of law at University College London. This article is part of a series produced in partnership with NBC News andUndark Magazine, a non-profit, editorially independent digital magazine exploring the intersection of science and society. The business of books and the merger that wasnt, What happens to the pets that happen to you, Endpapers: A Family Story of Books War Escape and Home, The Ratline: The Exalted Life and Mysterious Death of a Nazi Fugitive, Self-Portrait, 1901, by Pablo Picasso 2023 Estate of Pablo Picasso/Artists Rights Society, New York City/Muse National Picasso-Paris Picasso is to art as Kleenex is to tissues. January 2022. Lee argues both for and against this narrative as she builds an ever richer, circular understanding of his abiding themes and concerns, of his personal and artistic life, and of his many other passionate engagementswith the plight of Soviet Jewry in the 1980s; the future of the London Library; the Belarus Free Theatre. Philippe Sands Sands is widely seen as the ideal spokesman for the cause because of his legal bona fides, his charisma and his fire for justice. The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Cond Nast. He told his wife, Natalia Schiffrin, about the offer. Advocates call for more climate-focused conservation. The United Kingdoms then-home secretary allowed the former dictator to return to Chile based on his failing medical condition. WebSchiffrin's daughter, journalist Anya Schiffrin, is married to the economist and Nobel Prize winner Joseph Stiglitz. The legal team representing Pinochet had asked Sands to join them in arguing that their client, as a former head of state, was immune from prosecution. Sands records in The Ratline that the visit to Ukraine caused a rift between Niklas and Horst, as Niklas came to feel that his friend was really a Nazi. There is, in Horst, a fascinating psychology to explore: what has prompted this man, who claims to acknowledge the atrocities of Nazism, to spend his life denying his fathers involvement? Mr. Sands adores Ms. Schiffrin, whom he met in New York in 1989. Seventy-five years later, that family is still convulsed by that single decision, Sands said. Sands wife, Natalia Schiffrin, is the daughter of the late, renowned publisher Andr Schiffrin, and a well regarded attorney and magistrate in her own right. At Nuremberg, Frank was charged with crimes against humanity and genocide. In two weeks, Belgiums lawmakers would pass a resolution supporting both domestic and international ecocide legislation. He removes his watch and lays it next to a thin packet of talking points, which he rarely checks. Guests at the blue plaque ceremony included Milein and Hans niece Ena Blyth, as well as current owners of the home, Philippe Sands and Natalia Schiffrin. To know your own hinterland gives you a sense of security, and I never had that, Mr. Sands said in a long interview here. Lee is frank and thoughtful about the challenges of writing about a living subject. Sands, who admires Obama, said, I regret that I have added to his in-box when he has so much else to sort out. Mr. Sands, 55, grew up in North London, of modest means, the son of an English dentist and his French mother, Ruth. One chapter in the book scrutinizes how the first Bush administration justified the use of what is widely believed to be torture, in the name of fighting terrorism. Hes like a three dimensional chess player, always thinking a few different steps ahead in three different directions and seeing the consequences of things., Sands tells the audience that the time has come for the law to evolve beyond the ideas set forth in 1945. The world was gearing up for the 1992 Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit to hash out how to tackle a panoply of growing environmental problems from biodiversity loss to climate change. But his grandfather never spoke about his life before 1945, and Sands and his brother Marc knew not to ask any questions. Philippe Sands relates the wider tragedy of the scandal with nerve and precision. It inculcated a burning sense of being aggrieved at wrongdoing, and at the failure of people to take responsibility for their actions, Sands said. . It deals with issues of identity: who are we? he explains. And the law has to recognize that., He paused again. International criminal law underwent a second growth spurt as ad hoc tribunals were set up to hold accountable perpetrators of atrocities in Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia, and calls for a permanent international criminal court grew louder. At one point, Sands shares that his work on the campaign has made him question his own professional choices. Like Sands, Alexander Wolff is keen, after a generation of silence, to follow the untold stories wherever they might lead. In his newest and perhaps last play, Leopoldstadtwhich opened in London in January 2020 and was shut down by the pandemic in MarchStoppard has finally turned his attention to the legacy that his mother hid for so long: the drama follows a family of assimilated Viennese Jews from the turn of the twentieth century to 1955. He tells the audience that he doesnt like to give specific examples of ecocidehis position is that it is for prosecutors and judges to decide. But, in recent months, one of them was Gonzalo Boye, the Chilean-born Spanish lawyer who last week filed the criminal complaint against the Bush officials, on behalf of five former prisoners who were, they allege, tortured in the U.S. military prison at Guantnamo Bay. . Protection of the environment is an end in and of itself.. . Why did he never go into such things? But how would you feel during a roundup of Jews, what the French called La Rafle? In that moment, they decided Otto would accept an official position in the Nazi government, knowing fully what that choice would mean. But at this moment, he is in the flow. So he started cold-calling administration lawyers and pouring over official documents like Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfelds notorious Action Memo, which aimed to legitimize extreme interrogation measures like waterboarding, sleep deprivation and mental and physical torment. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement and Your California Privacy Rights. About half the guests, socially distanced around the room in small groups, keep their jackets on. But what made her agree? By 1991, Sands and Cameron had put together their own draft climate change treaty, chock full of new and progressive ideas, including an insurance mechanism to help vulnerable countries cope with the effects of climate change. Im ashamed of it., For him, the Chagos case is emblematic of an international legal system that is still infused with vestiges of colonialism. WebPHILIPPE JOSEPH SANDS Faculty of Laws Matrix Chambers University College London Gray's Inn Bentham House London WC1R 5LN Endsleigh Gardens London WC1H OEG Tel. The relentless campaigning and ridicule for pushing a revolutionary idea took a toll on his health and livelihood. They backed a U.N. resolution asking the International Court of Justice to issue an advisory opinion on the legality of the use of nuclear weapons. The book also tells the story of a fourth man, Hans Frank, who as Hitlers personal lawyer and then governor-general of Nazi-occupied Poland, bore responsibility for the extermiation of the families of Lauterpacht, Lemkin and Buchholz. Dignitaries included His Excellency the Austrian Ambassador Michael Zimmermann and Head of the Cultural section at the German embassy Dr. Ralf Teepe. It all came down to the fifth Law Lord. I wonder if that name was chosen and imposed by my mother to mask history, he said. When the Germans invaded, his father, a doctor with the Bata shoe company, was mercifully relocated by his employers to Singapore. Schiffrin, who died of pancreatic cancer, was the son of a distinguished European literary publisher. He has written 18 books, is a sought after international lawyer at Matrix Chambersand by sought after, countries seek out his counseland he is a frequent contributor to publications like The Financial Times, The Guardian and The New York Times. The legislation represents a major chance to tackle emissions, but some lawmakers vow to keep climate measures out. Guests at the blue plaque ceremony included Milein and Hans niece Ena Blyth, as well as current owners of the home, Philippe Sands and Natalia Schiffrin. To illustrate his point, he draws a detailed picture in the minds of his audience of the decisions Otto made leading up to a consequential moment between him and his wife Charlotte on March 15, 1938. But I hope he does the right thing. But you live as if without history, as if you throw no shadow behind you. January 2022. Mr. Sands is hardly that, and with this book, he has found a wider audience. Sands declined the case. The words codified the idea of universal jurisdiction, which allows national governments to investigate and prosecute international crimes, even if committed outside the territory of that country. As much as he is part of the establishment, the Cambridge-educated Sands has a reputation as a rebel, never missing an opportunity to criticize those same elites. A decade later, the same Spanish judge who initiated the legal proceedings against Pinochet, Baltasar Garzn, has been assigned to the case against the Bush Administration officials. Philippe Sands and Natalia Schiffrin, who now live in the house, said the connection brought them "a special happiness. Image Erich Lessing/Artists Rights Society/Art Resource, New York City. Sands got his first chance to demonstrate his convictions professionally in 1998. Also referred to as the Reich migratory route, the Ratline was an escape route used by Nazis to flee from Europe to South America, [which had been] identified as a place of safety governed by sympathetic leaders. (For many of us, it is understood as the backstory to Seventies films such as Marathon Man and The Boys from Brazil.) Sands knows this and could easily divert his attention to more lucrative endeavors, but he chooses to devote a portion of his time, pro bono, to promoting the campaign. (44) 20 7404 3448 p.sands@ucl.ac.uk philippesands@matrixlaw.co.uk A digest of the most pressing climate-related news, released every Tuesday and Friday. He walks out of the tall black doors of the Doopsgezinde Singelkerk, which means hes completed his 10-day whirlwind trip and can relax for the moment. His research produced the 2008 book Torture Team, a searing analysis of the role top American officials played in systematizing torture. no one is born eight years old. She also wrote for a number of publications and her stories have appeared in the Washington Post, USA Today, Chicago Tribune, Seattle Times and The Associated Press, among others. Until the onset of the war, the children spent summers with Kurt and Helen on the Cte dAzur, but their narratives then diverged sharply. WebPhilippe Sands is known for What Our Fathers Did: A Nazi Legacy (2015), Independent Lens (1999) and We Are Many (2014). . But Sands is a lawyer, not a novelist, and his book is a carefully researched prosecution, not an exploration of motive. Months went by as the parties waited on a ruling. Right there, for a brief moment, I understood., But understood what, exactly? 2023 Cond Nast. does work as a form of defence and a means of persuasion. Late in life, Stoppard. Sands worried about the direction of the talks, but ultimately decided that an imperfect agreement was better than no agreement. Before joining ICN, she practiced law, specializing in commercial litigation. Menu. Dan Esty, who attended the summit on behalf of the United States and is now a Yale law professor, said the draft treaty instantly elevated the standing of small island countries: They demonstrated the truth of an ideathat if you come to a conversation, not because you bring big power or money, but bring a big idea with an important moral foundation, you can get people to pay attention.. But Sands and Clapham didnt just write that universal jurisdiction is allowable. His research also led him to find that the two men responsible for bringing the concepts of crimes against humanity and genocide into the conscience of the world, Hersch Lauterpacht and Raphael Lemkin, respectively, were born around the same time as Buchholz and in the same region of Eastern Europe. The book reveals how Otto, with the unflinching support of his wife, Charlotte, rose through Nazi ranks, oversaw the deaths of over 130,000 men, women and children, including Sands relatives. we must narrate. To bring stories into the light, to render their humanity, is our best hope. To revisit this article, select My Account, thenView saved stories, To revisit this article, visit My Profile, then View saved stories. It reinforces the sense of them against us, he said, adding: Once one community has genocide another community wants its genocide.. When Philippe and his wife Natalia Schiffrin spotted the house it was a bit run down in 1999 they didnt know its recent history or the connection with Milein Cosman and Hans Keller, both of whom have died. Soon, he and his mentors Tuiloma Neroni Slade, then the Samoan Ambassador to the United Nations, and James Crawford, then a law professor at Cambridge, would argue a case that now forms the core of international environmental law. Its never going to happen., Finding His Place, Reluctantly, in the Tribe of Judaism, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/17/world/europe/philippe-sands-holocaust-nuremberg.html. WebNatalia M Schiffrin was born on month day 1964. Menu. Sands wife, Natalia Schiffrin, is the daughter of the late, renowned publisher Andr Schiffrin, and a well regarded attorney and magistrate in her own right. Sands just learned that his brother-in-law is also in town for a meeting with Luiz Incio Lula da Silva, the embattled former president of Brazil who has shaken off a series of corruption charges and is running against Jair Bolsonaro in Brazils 2022 election. Mr. Sands found a career, with the great benefit of being fluent in French as well as English, representing a large variety of clients in international courts. The couple was at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, where they stood next to Adolf Hitler greeting a crowd. In the course of his research, Sands came to know Niklas Frank, son of the notorious Hans Frank, the Nazi governor-general of the occupied Polish territorieswhich included Galicia, and hence the city of Lwwwho was directly responsible for the slaughter of millions of people. More than once, she records Stoppards dread at the thought of having his letters published or his biography written. His reasons for asking such an eminent literary biographer to undertake the project make perfect sense. He decides to walk the mile or so there under a gray November sky. In the lecture, which he has given around Europe and last year in Nuremberg at the 70th anniversary of the trial, he tells the story of the two lawyers who both studied at Lviv Hersch Lauterpacht, who formulated the concept of crimes against humanity, and Rafael Lemkin, who developed the concept of genocide and of their rivalry over the trial. 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