author of the book, Nol Sweeney, has been practising as. USDA'sAnimaland Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) conducts licensing and inspections of zoos to ensure compliance with the minimum standards of care required by the Animal Welfare Act. This plan must be made available to APHIS upon request.The plan must address the requirements set forth in section 3.81 (a)(b) (c) and (d). Experiments can take place to determine if a product or idea will work as intended. There is a huge difference between giving animals their rights which is less than human beings and not to give them rights at all. Once a farmer is enrolled, animal welfare audits are conducted to ensure the certification program's standards are being met. (d) "A dealer who acquires a live dog or cat from another dealer must obtain from that dealer the certification required by paragraph (b) of this section and must attach that certification (including any previously attached certification) to the certification which he or she provides pursuant to paragraph (b) of this section (a photocopy of the original certification will be deemed a duplicate original if the dealer does not dispose of all the dogs or cats in a single transaction)." 3. Section 3.60 Consignments to carriers and intermediate handlers. (Sect. Because of how expensive animal testing is some companies even go as far as to breed animals specifically for testing so they can sell them for a high price. (Sect.2.126 (a)(5)). 2.8). (Sect. Action for Animals logo. (2) The animals remain under the total control and responsibility of the dealer or exhibitor. The disadvantage of animal research is that it lessens the value of life. The concept of animal rights is based on the idea that some or all non-human animals have a right to live their own lives and to be viewed as persons rather than property. A copy of such certification shall accompany the shipment to destination. Instructions for no feed or water are not acceptable unless directed by the attending veterinarian. Animal testing should be abolished because it is unnecessary, inaccurate, and cruel to animals. (Sect. The records shall be in accordance with sections 2.75 and 2.76 unless the animals are lost or stray. The Act is enforced by USDA , APHIS, Animal Care. Since there were initiatives to protect laboratory animals it took many years until there was a national law to protect laboratory animals in the U.S. Some people believe that animal, The Pros And Cons Of The Animal Welfare Act. Flashcards. Breeders and dealers are required to meet the minimum standards of humaneanimalcare and treatment established by the AWA. According to poet and philosopher, Sri Aurobindo, Life is lifewhether in a cat, or dog or man. In addition, the plan must be approved by the attending veterinarian. (g) "Documents accompanying the shipment shall be attached in an easily accessible manner to the outside of a primary enclosure which is part of such shipment." (a) Every auction sale or broker shall make and maintain records or forms, as required by section 2.76, for each animal consigned or sold. "Animal"is generally defined as any warm-blooded animal used for research, teaching, testing, experimentation, or exhibition purposes, or as a pet. Section 2.31 (c)(2) requires the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) to: "Inspect, at least once every six months, all of the research facility's animal facilities, including animal study areas, using Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A - Animal Welfare, as a basis for evaluation;Provided, however,That animal areas containing free-living wild animals in their natural habitat need not be included in such inspection:". Food and water instructions must be attached in accordance with section 3.13 (c). (c) Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a nonhuman primate for transport in commerce unless the consignor certifies in writing to the carrier or intermediate handler that the nonhuman primate was offered food and water during the 4 hours before delivery to the carrier or intermediate handler. All diagnostic rests conducted on post mortem specimens shall be listed in the report, and the results of each test recorded. (1) "The other person agrees in writing to comply with the regulations in part 2 and the standards in part 3 of this subchapter and allow inspection of his premises by an APHIS official during business hours; and" (Sect.2.102 (a)(1)). Excluded from this definition are birds, rats of the genus Rattus and mice of the genus Mus, bred for use in research, horses not used for research purposes, and other farm animals used for food, fiber, or production purposes. It would be even more immoral if test subjects used are humans themselves. 1. Animals like rats, mice, birds and other cold-blooded animals are excluded from this law. (Sect. Otherwise, all efforts, money and time are wasted, more so if an animal requires special treatment to obtain long-term results. (Sect. Those who have the heart to inflict this type of brutality do this by immobilizing them in restraint devices for hours, in order to drill holes into their skulls and have their spinal cords crushed (PETA). Subjects . 2.11 Conclusions and implications. Improvement notices 11. (b) Any dealer, research facility or exhibitor offering any dog or cat to a carrier or intermediate handler for transportation must securely attach to the outside of the primary enclosure used for transporting the dog or cat, written instructions for the in-transit food and water requirements for a 24 hour period for the dogs and cats contained in the enclosure. 1.3 The provisions of the Animal Welfare Act 2006 also apply to animals in zoos. (1) "The attending veterinarian may exempt an individual nonhuman primate from participation in the environment enhancement plan because of its health or condition, or in consideration of its well-being. Other laws, policies, and guidelines may include additional species coverage or specifications for animal care and use, but all refer to the Animal . 89% of scientists surveyed by the Pew Research Center were in favor of animal testing for scientific research. Many may argue that the use of animals for entertainment is ok because it is what the animals were born to do (ProQuest Staff); however,the use of animals for entertainment is not okay and constitutes animal cruelty because the animals are not getting the care they need, and the animals are suffering. With much of our diet coming from animal muscle protein, such a legal structure would change the entire agricultural community and potentially create many more food deserts throughout the world. Licensing or registration of activities. They were starved to death just weeks after the racing season was over (Kitzmiller). Freedom from Pain, Injury or Disease - by prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment. A mechanism of direct and frequent communication is also required so that timely and accurate information on problems of animal health, behavior, and well-being is conveyed to the attending veterinarian. These requirements are found in Title 9 CFR, Chapter 1, Subchapter A - Animal Welfare, Parts 1, 2, and 3. Field studymeans a study conducted on free-living wild animals in their natural habitat. By signing the Bill of Rights, we agree that animals, like all sentient beings, are entitled to basic legal rights in our society. The termanimalmeans any live or dead dog, cat, monkey (nonhuman primate mammal), guinea pig, hamster, rabbit, or such other warm-blooded animal, as the Secretary may determine is being used, or is intended for use, for research, testing, experimentation, or exhibition purposes, or as a pet; but such term excludes (1) birds, rats of the genus Rattus, and mice of the genus Mus, bred for use in research, (2) horses not used for research purposes, and (3) other farm animals, such as, but not limited to livestock or poultry, used or intended for use as food or fiber, or livestock or poultry used or intended for use for improving animal nutrition, breeding, management, or production efficiency, or for improving the quality of food or fiber. Advantage of having the Forest Right Act Forest conservation supports life on earth. (b) One copy of the record shall be given to the consignor of each animal, one copy to the purchaser of each animal, and one copy shall be retained by the auction sale or broker. The Act places the legal burden on the actual person in charge and basically aims to protect the animals from us doing them harm or abusing them and this is what many owners are unaware of. trade or as household pets. Most livestock production industries in the United States have developed and implemented science-based animal care guidelines. Not finding what you're looking for or need help searching within the AWA regulations? This term includes all dogs used for hunting, security or breeding purposes. Section 3.13 Consignment to carriers and intermediate handlers. (Sect.2.133 (e)). Along with the physical atrocities that humans are forcing these vulnerable animals into, humans are also isolating them from their own kind, confining them in barren cages, and thus traumatizing them for the rest of their lives. When using the high welfare methods it raises the price of eggs by 18% which is about 49 cents per dozen. Section 3.35 Consignment to carriers and intermediate handlers. (a) Each dealer or exhibitor shall have an attending veterinarian who shall provide adequate veterinary care to its animals in compliance with this section. The quality of water and air were maintained with the existence of essential life forms. Much of the attention in the world of animal testing focuses on the potential for harm. law as well as criminal and human rights law. New products and medications that could save people but are considered harmful until tested on certain subjects will never be used if animal testing is no longer allowed. Government intervention shall decrease the social costs of livestock farming and increase the social benefit of animal welfare. 4. The plan must be in accordance with the currently accepted professional standards as cited in appropriate professional journals or reference guides, and as directed by the attending veterinarian. The requirements for field studies are set forth in Parts 1 and 2 of 9 CFR (2022) and are indicated below. mal Welfare act 2006. So, there really is no need to use animals for testing or hurt them in the process. 3.27 (b)). Cattle live healthier, happier and more active lives. The AWAHDC contains U.S. Government publications related to the AWA that fall into three categories: legislative history, regulatory history, and USDA publications. Animal-testing is the use of non-human animals in research and development projects, especially for purposes of determining the safety of substances, such as foods, beauty products, and/or drugs. 3.61 (g)). Home. The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) was signed into law on August 24,1966. Instructions for the administration of drugs, medication, and other special care must be attached to each primary enclosure in a manner that makes them easy to notice, to detach for examination, and to reattach securely. I agree with the idea of creating a Bill of Rights for animals because humans share similar characteristics with animals, thus we have a moral obligation to. For this purpose of this Act, pet animal shall include birds. (Sect. This is in contrast to animal welfare legislation, which assumes that some conditions are unavoidable collateral. 2.133 (d)). Prevents safety testing Is it enough to save animal lives when the cost is a human life placed in danger or lost? Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Section 2.78 Health certification and identification. So why mess with the works of Mother Nature? Should animals be treated like humans, then? Learn. (b) (1) Every dealer and exhibitor, except auction sales and brokers, shall make and maintain records or forms for animals other than dogs and cats, acquired, held, transported, or disposed of, as required in section 2.75 (b)(1)-(3). The applicant is to acknowledge receipt of the regulations and standards and agree to comply with them by signing the application form or the license will not be issued or renewed. (a) Each dealer and exhibitor, shall, during business hours, allow APHIS officials: (1) To enter its place of business. 2.7 (a)). U.S. law permits animals to be shocked, burned, poisoned, infected with diseases, brain-damaged, and much more. (Sect. The lack of this information leads anti-animal testing individuals and groups to discuss how the experiments animals are forced to suffer are more than often flawed and limited without, Rights are against the use of force and they are our primary if not only our means of survival. (Sect.2.40 (a)(3)). These requirements are found in Title 9 CFR, Chapter 1, Subchapter A - Animal Welfare, Parts 1, 2, and 3. 3.13 (c)). Animals play a role in the supply of food, is it acceptable for humans to starve and be malnourished because animals are off the menu? This would only lead to more animals dying before anything conclusive is achieved. Exposure of humans to risky substances or possibly hazardous materials will also be cut down, preventing diseases and other side effects. In 2011, Greyhound trainer Robbie Williams was arrested for the deaths of 37 greyhounds (Kitzmiller). Shipping documents that must accompany shipments of dogs and catsmust be securely attached in a readily accessible manner to the outside of any primary enclosure that is a part of the shipment, in a manner that allows them to be detached for examination and securely reattached. (Sect.2.75 (a)(1)-(4)). (a) No dealer, exhibitor, operator of an auction sale, broker, or department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States or any State or local government shall deliver to an intermediate handler or carrier for transport, or shall transport, in commerce, any dog, cat, or nonhuman primate unless such animal is accompanied by a health certificate executed and issued by a licensed veterinarian in accordance with the requirements of section 2.78. (e) Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a nonhuman primate for transport in commerce unless their animal holding area facilities meet the minimum temperature requirements provided in sections 3.91 and 3.92, or unless the consignor provides them with a certificate signed by a veterinarian and dated no more than 10 days before delivery to the carrier or intermediate handler, certifying that the animal is acclimated to temperatures lower than those that are required in sections 3.91 and 3.92.A copy of the certification must accompany the nonhuman primate to its destination and must include the information set forth in section 3.86 (e)(1)-(5) for each primary enclosure. Section 2.31 (c)(6) and (7) requires the IACUC to review and approve, or make modifications to, proposed and ongoing activities related to the care and use of animals as specified in section 2.31(d). The market of animal welfare will reached its optimal level due to policy implementation by the government. Pose problems with food consumption Animal meat provides a different source of protein, vitamins and minerals, something that opponents of animal rights claim that will not be found on any vegetable or fruit. Stability in the soil as possible by the plantation of trees to ensure the base of land, plants, and animals. The idea of a "welfare queen" just doesn't exist in reality. (g) "A complete necropsy must be conducted by or under the direct supervision of a veterinarian on all marine mammals that die in captivity. It includes, but not limited to, the avoidance of abuse, maltreatment, cruelty and exploitation of animals by humans by maintaining 3.112 (b)). A copy of such certificate shall accompany the shipment to its destination and shall contain the information required in section 3.35 (c)(1)-(4). 1. Why is management sometimes slow to adopt new animal- friendly methods when there is a (Sect. The Act is enforced byUSDA,APHIS, Animal Care. (f) All marine mammals must be visually examined by the attending veterinarian at least semiannually and physically examined when determined by the attending veterinarian and at least annually. This alludes to the fact that the only law attempting is allowing laboratory animals to be tortured. katie_barnes69. One copy of the record must accompany each animal shipment. (g) Documents accompanying the shipment shall be attached in an easily accessible manner to the outside of the primary enclosure. (Sect. The AWA has been amended numerous times since its original passage in 1966. For example, the People For The Ethical Treatment Of Animals (PETA) wrote an article regarding the Animal Welfare Act and its inefficiency in protecting lab animals. In 1635, a law was passed in Ireland where it is prohibited to pull wool off a sheep and for ploughs to be attached to a horses tail, referring to the act as the cruelty used to beasts. Instructions must be in compliance with section 3.89. Increased economic output: Greater trade increased economic output. If you have concerns about zoos or zoo animals, contact the APHISregional officeresponsible for the geographic area where the zoo is located. Section 3.87 Primary enclosure used to transport nonhuman primates. You can also view a static version of the timeline. (Sect.3.81 (e)(3)). (Sect.2.78 (a)-(d)). Section 3.89 Food and water requirements. 2. A copy of such certificate shall accompany the shipment to destination. A copy of such certificate shall accompany the shipment to destination. (b) Any person who is licensed must file an application for a license renewal and an annual report form and pay the required fees, on or before the expiration date of the present license or the license will automatically terminate on its anniversary date. No person subject to the Animal Welfare regulations shall offer for transportation, or transport, any live guinea pig or hamster in a primary enclosure that does not conform to the requirements in section 3.36. 3.16 (b)). (Sect.2.5 (b)). Section 3.86 Consignment to carriers and intermediate handlers. The Animal Welfare Act of 1966, was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and its the only Federal law in the United States that regulated treatment and care of animals in research. The Animal Welfare Information Center (AWIC) was mandated under the AWA's 1985 amendment, 'Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals Act'. Proponents, however, would say that animals should be free from human exploitation and cruelty, even if they are below humans in the natural world chain. Match. Our inspectors conduct unannounced visits to licensed or registered facilities where they review all areas of care and treatment covered under the law. 3.101 (b)). 1. In a prosecution for an offence against section 12 committed after the commencement of this subsection, evidence that a relevant code of welfare was in existence at the time of the alleged offence and that a relevant minimum standard established by that code was not complied with is rebuttable evidence that the person charged with the offence failed to comply with, or contravened, the . The definition of terms are set forth in Part 1 of 9 CFR (2022) and are indicated below. For animals in distress, there are no provisions in these Acts that specifically authorise a veterinary surgeon to . (c) Carriers or intermediate handlers whose facilities fail to meet the minimum temperatures allowed by the standards may accept.any live rabbit.if the consignor furnishes to the carrier or intermediate handler a certificate executed by a veterinarian.on a specified date which shall not be more than 10 days prior to delivery of such rabbit for transportation.stating that such live rabbit is acclimated to air temperatures lower than those prescribed in sections 3.65 and 3.66. Welfare programs help people during their greatest time of need. Visit AWIC's Animal Welfare Audit and Certification Programs page to learn more. It is the purpose of this Act to protect and promote the welfare of all animals in the Philippines by supervising and regulating the establishment and operations of all facilities utilized for breeding, maintaining, keeping, treating or training of all animals either as objects of trade or as household pets. It provides many useful products such as eggs, meat, wool, silk, milk, honey, etc., that are very important in our daily life. (Sect.2.126 (a)(4)). (e) Any dealer or exhibitor who also operates a private or contract animal pound or shelter shall comply with the following: (Sect.2.132 (e)). Most experiments carried out are completely pointless, seeing as humans and animals react to drugs differently. It is the only Federal law in the United States that regulates the treatment of animals in research, exhibition, transport, and by dealers. (b) Unless otherwise specified, the records required to be kept and maintained under this part shall be held for one year after an animal is euthanized or disposed of and for any period in excess of one year as necessary to comply with any applicable Federal, State, or local law. (Sect. [ 120] This experimentation has been practiced since around 500 BCE, and has allowed the human race to discover many things that otherwise would have not been discovered (ProCon). Transfer of animals by way of sale or prize to persons under 16 12. (b) Water and power supply. Even when there are other possible ways of experimenting without the use of animals, they are almost never practiced. Some well-known certification programs include Certified Humane Certification Program, Global Animal Partnership, Animal Welfare Approved, and Food Alliance. 4 The agreement reduced and eliminated tariffs. Nowadays, consumers are placing more attention to their consumption of animal product. 3.60 (c)). Dealers and exhibitors must develop, document, and follow an appropriate plan for environment enhancement adequate to promote the psychological well-being of nonhuman primates. The use of animals in research has once again become a provocative and controversial topic of debate between many scientists and some other members of the public. In a first of its kind, the Government has today published an action plan for animal welfare that will revolutionise the treatment of animals in the UK and . However, many animal activist groups such as, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), have spoken out against the issue. chlorine and copper) that are added to the water to maintain water quality standards. Records must be kept documenting the time when all such samples were taken and the results of the sampling. This will prompt you to download a spreadsheet listing all licensees and registrants under the AWA. Such exemption must be documented by the attending veterinarian and, unless the basis for the exemption is a permanent condition, must be reviewed at least every 30 days by the attending veterinarian. (Sect. Alternatively, you can use APHIS'sonlineAnimal Welfare Complaint form. (4) To inspect and photograph the facilities, property and animals, as the APHIS officials consider necessary to enforce the Act, regulations and standards. Flashcards. Contribution to the understanding of animal behavior. 1. There are animal welfare benefits to consider. (b) Any dealer or exhibitor offering a nonhuman primate to a carrier or intermediate handler for transportation in commerce must securely attach to the outside of the primary enclosure used for transporting the nonhuman primate, written instructions for a 24 hour period for the in-transit food and water requirements of the nonhuman primate(s) contained in the enclosure. The Act is divided into several topics. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). Such animals may need fewer veterinary interventions, use of special feed supplements, or other growth stimulants. 3.86 (c)). This guide is used as an aid for APHIS personnel when inspecting USDA licensed and registered facilities. (Sect. Some of the most obvious advantages of public welfare include a greater level of equality amongst citizens, happier people, and less crime. Inaccurate results. (Sect. But here is a problem: if animal suffering is minimized, what will become of product research and development? The certification must include the information required in section 3.13 (c)(1)-(4). After all, humans and certain species are extremely different, resulting in tests that are inconclusive. ANIMAL L. 13, 25 (2006) ("The Animal Welfare Act's failure to cover the more than 9 billion farm animals slaughtered annually in the United States, and failure to cover ninety or ninety-five percent of animals used in research, makes it an exaggeration to say that the United States has a general animal welfare act."); Section 2.126 Access and inspection of records and property. (b) "Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a nonhuman primate for transport in commerce unless they are provided with the name, address, telephone number, and telex number, if applicable, of the consignee." Terms in this . let`s find out. Increased trade: NAFTA more than tripled trade between Canada, Mexico, and the United States after it was enacted. (2021). Are places of entertainment appropriate for wild animals to live in it normally? APHIS tools can help determine if you should be regulated under the AWA and apply for a license or registration. 3.136 (b)). Animal welfare By Dr. Rabie Hassan Fayed Prof. of Animal Management & Behaviour 2. introduction Science, Ethics and Law Welfare science considers effects of humans on the animal from the animal's point of view Welfare ethics considers human actions towards animals Welfare legislation considers how humans must treat animals 3. (f) Primary enclosures used to transport marine mammals . shall be clearly marked on top and on one or more sides with the words "Live Animal" or "Wild Animal" . in letters not less than 1 inch in height, and with arrows or other markings, t o indicate the correct upright position of the container. 3.113 (g)). The requirements forreports, notifications, certifications, and record keeping are set forth in Part 2 of 9 CFR (2022) and are indicated below. The corresponding Act for Scotland is the Animal Health and Welfare (Scotland) Act 2006. Due to events like these, people all over the world are wondering if the use of animals for entertainment includes the awful act of animal cruelty. Owners and keepers have a duty of care to their animals and must make sure they meet their needs: However, the report states that in some cases the use of additional penalties, such as community service, has resulted in shorter deprivation and disqualification orders. Persuasive Speech Animal Testing 1084 Words | 5 Pages Section 2.132 Procurement of random source dogs and cats, dealers. The domains of the most up-to-date Model described here are: 1 Nutrition, 2 Physical Environment, 3 Health, 4 Behavioural Interactions and 5 Mental State. The Animal Welfare Act 2006 (the 2006 Act) is the principal law relating to animal welfare. Ultimately the solution to animal welfare must be based on a real sense of moral responsibility towards animals. (1) Each research facility, other than a Federal research facility, shall register with the Secretary by completing and filing a properly executed form, which will be furnished upon request, by the AC Regional Director for the State in which the research facility has its principal place of business, and shall be updated every 3 years by the completion and filing of a new registration form. 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